Criminal convictions and immigrant background 1973–2017 in Sweden – have differences increased or declined?

Figures & data

Figure 1. a-b. All convictions among men by immigrant background 1973–2017 aged 15–75, age standardized. convictions per 100,000 (a) and relative risk trends with native as the reference category (b). Native: born in Sweden to Swedish-born parents; 2^nd gen: born in Sweden to foreign-born parents; Imm. west: born in Western countries; Imm. other: born in non-Western countries.

Figure 2. a-b.All convictions among women by immigrant background 1973–2017 aged 15–75, age standardized. convictions per 100,000 (a) and relative risk trends with native AS the reference category (b). Native: born in Sweden to Swedish-born parents; 2^nd gen: born in Sweden to foreign-born parents; Imm. west: born in Western countries; Imm. other: born in non-Western countries.

Figure 3. a-f. Convictions 1973–2017 per 100,000 (aged 15–75, age standardized). Theft, violent and drug offences by immigrant background and gender. relative risk trends with native as the reference category. Native: born in Sweden to Swedish-born parents; 2^nd gen: born in Sweden to foreign-born parents; Imm. west: born in Western countries; Imm. other: born in non-Western countries.

Table 1. a-b. Men (a) and women (b) born between 1966 and 1993 followed between ages 15 and 24 (i.e. who reached age 24 in the years 1990–2017) by grouped birth cohort, immigrant background and number of convictions. Prevalence (%), relative risks (RR) and grouped cohort size (N)

(a) Men		Native (ref.)		2nd gen.		Immigrant		(b) Women		Native (ref.)		2nd gen.		Immigrant
		%	RR	%	RR	%	RR			%	RR	%	RR	%	RR
1966–69	≥ 1 conv.	28.4	1	38.8	1.4	43.6	1.5	1966–69	≥ 1 conv.	7.4	1	10.7	1.4	13.7	1.8
	≥ 4 conv.	3.7	1	7.8	2.1	10.6	2.9		≥ 2 conv.	1.3	1	2.7	2.0	3.6	2.7
	N	217,162		9,183		9,285			N	204,711		8,569		9,592
1970–73	≥ 1 conv.	22.8	1	35.4	1.6	39.5	1.7	1970–73	≥ 1 conv.	5.7	1	8.8	1.6	10.9	1.9
	≥ 4 conv.	2.5	1	6.2	2.4	8.4	3.3		≥ 2 conv.	0.9	1	2.3	2.6	2.7	3.1
	N	205,557		10,409		9,235			N	193,745		9,670		10,030
1974–77	≥ 1 conv.	18.9	1	31.0	1.6	35.9	1.9	1974–77	≥ 1 conv.	5.1	1	8.3	1.6	10.9	2.1
	≥ 4 conv.	2.2	1	5.9	2.6	7.3	3.2		≥ 2 conv.	0.8	1	2.2	2.7	2.5	3.2
	N	187,862		9,239		12,127			N	176,088		8,681		12,107
1978–81	≥ 1 conv.	16.8	1	28.7	1.7	34.6	2.1	1978–81	≥ 1 conv.	6.0	1	9.4	1.6	11.5	1.9
	≥ 4 conv.	2.1	1	6.3	3.0	7.4	3.5		≥ 2 conv.	1.0	1	2.1	2.1	2.7	2.7
	N	172,582		10,174		15,856			N	162,234		9,440		15,126
1982–85	≥ 1 conv.	15.5	1	26.3	1.7	31.2	2.0	1982–85	≥ 1 conv.	5.6	1	8.7	1.6	9.6	1.7
	≥ 4 conv.	2.1	1	5.7	2.8	6.7	3.2		≥ 2 conv.	1.1	1	2.3	2.0	2.2	1.9
	N	173,024		10,307		19,198			N	161,259		9,620		17,747
1986–89	≥ 1 conv.	15.5	1	26.1	1.7	29.9	1.9	1986–89	≥ 1 conv.	6.2	1	9.6	1.5	10.0	1.6
	≥ 4 conv.	2.1	1	5.7	2.7	6.5	3.1		≥ 2 conv.	1.3	1	2.4	1.8	2.3	1.7
	N	196,771		13,216		19,365			N	185,182		12,474		17,846
1990–93	≥ 1 conv.	15.1	1	26.1	1.7	28.2	1.9	1990–93	≥ 1 conv.	5.9	1	8.7	1.5	9.5	1.6
	≥ 4 conv.	2.0	1	6.1	3.0	6.1	3.0		≥ 2 conv.	1.3	1	2.1	1.7	2.1	1.7
	N	216,655		19,220		17,707			N	204,166		17,827		16,254

Note: Native: Born in Sweden to Swedish-born parents; 2^nd gen.: Born in Sweden to foreign-born parents; Immigrant: Born abroad.

Table 2. a-b. Men (a) and women (b) from low-income background born between 1966 and 1993 followed between ages 15 and 24 (i.e. who reached age 24 in the years 1990–2017) by grouped birth cohort, immigrant background and number of convictions. Prevalence (%), relative risks (RR) and grouped cohort size (N)

(a) Men		Native (ref.)		2nd gen.		Immigrant		(b) Women		Native (ref.)		2nd gen.		Immigrant
		%	RR	%	RR	%	RR			%	RR	%	RR	%	RR
1966–69	≥ 1 conv.	36.3	1	47.6	1.3	49.6	1.4	1966–69	≥ 1 conv.	10.8	1	16.6	1.5	18.4	1.7
	≥ 4 conv.	7.5	1	12.9	1.7	15.0	2.0		≥ 2 conv.	2.7	1	5.6	2.1	6.2	2.3
	N	17,668		1,310		2,450			N	16,441		1,184		2,403
1970–73	≥ 1 conv.	33.4	1	44.7	1.3	45.3	1.4	1970–73	≥ 1 conv.	9.5	1	12.6	1.3	13.4	1.4
	≥ 4 conv.	6.4	1	10.6	1.7	11.6	1.8		≥ 2 conv.	2.2	1	4.0	1.8	4.5	2.0
	N	14,587		1,853		3,238			N	13,629		1,738		3,033
1974–77	≥ 1 conv.	34.1	1	39.1	1.1	42.5	1.2	1974–77	≥ 1 conv.	9.5	1	12.3	1.3	13.7	1.4
	≥ 4 conv.	7.7	1	10.3	1.3	9.9	1.3		≥ 2 conv.	2.5	1	4.1	1.6	3.6	1.4
	N	10,808		2,253		4,572			N	10,126		2,107		4,066
1978–81	≥ 1 conv.	34.0	1	37.4	1.1	40.4	1.2	1978–81	≥ 1 conv.	12.8	1	13.1	1.0	12.5	1.0
	≥ 4 conv.	8.5	1	10.5	1.2	9.5	1.1		≥ 2 conv.	3.9	1	4.1	1.1	3.0	0.8
	N	7,788		2,309		7,356			N	7,429		2,189		6,506
1982–85	≥ 1 conv.	32.4	1	35.2	1.1	38.9	1.2	1982–85	≥ 1 conv.	12.6	1	13.1	1.0	11.4	0.9
	≥ 4 conv.	8.7	1	10.6	1.2	9.7	1.1		≥ 2 conv.	4.4	1	5.2	1.2	2.5	0.6
	N	7,659		2,340		7,342			N	7,227		2,191		6,592
1986–89	≥ 1 conv.	31.1	1	35.3	1.1	37.4	1.2	1986–89	≥ 1 conv.	13.3	1	14.8	1.1	12.3	0.9
	≥ 4 conv.	7.7	1	10.1	1.3	9.2	1.2		≥ 2 conv.	4.8	1	4.8	1.0	3.2	0.7
	N	9,613		3,122		6,927			N	9,149		2,923		6,172
1990–93	≥ 1 conv.	29.8	1	45.6	1.5	43.1	1.4	1990–93	≥ 1 conv.	14.3	1	12.4	0.9	11.3	0.8
	≥ 4 conv.	8.0	1	13.8	1.7	10.4	1.3		≥ 2 conv.	5.0	1	4.1	0.8	2.8	0.5
	N	9,761		3,585		5,366			N	8,944		4,148		6,312

Note: Native: Born in Sweden to Swedish-born parents; 2^nd gen.: Born in Sweden to foreign-born parents; Immigrant: Born abroad.