Arsenic in permafrost-affected rivers and lakes of Tibetan Plateau, China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sampling site and arsenic distribution in SAYR.

Table 1. Summary of arsenic in the source region of Yellow river.

Samples	n	Max(μg/L)	Min(μg/L)	Mean(μg/L)
As in river water	76	77.1	4.3	25.2
As in lake water	35	131.0	9.3	39.6
As in spring water	15	101.9	12.0	29.8

Table 2. Levels of arsenic in Tibet river and lake systems.

		As(ug/L)
River basin	River system (sampling time)	Average(range)	References
Souce area of yellow river	Yellow river(Source region)	25.2(4.3–77.1)	This study
The yarlung zangbo river basin	Yarlung Tsangbo (2012–09)	15.9	Zhang et al., 2014
	(2010–04)	13.5	Zhang et al., 2014
	Lhasa River (2012–09)	8.5	Zhang et al., 2014
	(2010–08)	3.5	Zhang et al., 2014
	(2010–04)	10.4	Zhang et al., 2014
	Nianchu River (2010–08)	2	Zhang et al., 2014
	(2010–04)	4.1	Zhang et al., 2014
	Dogxung Tsangbo	31.1	Zhang et al., 2014
	Chaiqu Tsangbo	18.4	Zhang et al., 2014
	Naxiong Tsangbo	53	Zhang et al., 2014
	Zongqu	44.4	Zhang et al., 2014
	Duilongqu	12.9	Zhang et al., 2014
Tibet within the basin in the Midwest	Cuoyin	2.09	Tian et al.,2002
	Dingri	3.86	Tian et al.,2002
	Dawa	4.14	Tian et al.,2002
Shiquan river basin in the west	Shiquan river upstream	143.6	Tian et al.,2002
	Shiquan river	59.34	Tian et al.2002
The Himalayan region	Nyalam	8,26	Tian et al.,2002
	Ding ri	3.86	Tian et al.,2002
Northern Tibet	Dangxiong	2.25	Tian et al.,2002
	Gongqu	18.48	Tian et al.,2002
	Yanshiping	3.67	Tian et al.,2002
Southwest of Tibet	naqu	38.9	Li et al., 2014
	Ulan Moron(tuotuo River), source area of changjiang	52.2	Li et al., 2014
Lake basin	lake system
Souce area of yellow river	Yellow river(Source region)	39.6(9.3–131.0	This study
Outside basin	Luonada lake	10.32	Tian et al.,2002
	Northern hot spring lake	34.87	Tian et al.,2002
inside basin	Langcuo	46.82	Tian et al.,2002
	Dajiacuo	1216.9	Tian et al.,2002
	Dawa	503.95	Tian et al.,2002
	Mapam Yumco	22.1	Tian et al.,2002
	Yangzuoyongcuo	1.5	Tian et al.,2002
Salt lake	Langcuo	173.8	Li et al., 2013
	Nierco in Gegyai	545.1	Li et al.,2013
	Biruozeco in Gegyai	7561.8	Li et al., 2013
	Dongco in Gerze	13,665	Li et al., 2013
	Small Dawaco in Coqen	23	Li et al., 2013
	Garingco in Coqen	650.6	Li et al., 2013
	Daggyaico in Saga	193.8	Li et al., 2013

Table 3. Arsenic levels in other river systems.

River system	As(ug/L)	References
	Average(range)
Owens River, CA, USA	85–153	Wilkie and Hering,1998
Po River, Italy	1.3	Pettine et al.,1997
Waikato River, New Zealand	32(28–36)	McLaren and Kim,1995
Garonne, Dordogne and IsleRivers, France	2.14(0.97–5,95),	Masson et al.,2007
	1.05(0.567–1.65),
	2.82(0.99–6.86)
Ganges and Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh	1.3(0.2–4),	Islam et al., 2011
	0.9(0.3–3)
Indus(2012–09)	17	Li et al., 2014
Gange(2012–09)	11.5	Li et al., 2014
Pearl River, china	7.9(3.5–16.8)	Huang et al., 2011
Major Rivers of Eastern China	6.4(0.07–101.68)	Liu et al., 2012
xiangjiang river, china	12.24(1.26–45.08)	Zeng et al., 2015

Figure 2. Correlation analyses of arsenic and phosphate (a), iron (b), sulfate (c), in surface water samples in SAYR.