Validity of A Web-based Measure of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic background of each sample.

	Sample 1	Sample 2	Sample 3	Sample 4	Sample 5
Background	Chinese adult females with disabilities	Hong Kong adults on the Internet	Hong Kong college students	Hong Kong patients with self-reported depression	Taiwan psychiatric outpatients
Recruitment period	June to October 2018	November 2018 to January 2019	March to June 2017	June to October 2017	December 2018 to April 2019
N	94	418	190	68	58
% of female	100%	67.5%	70.5%	88.2%	88.2%
Mean age (SD)	37.8 (13.3)	27.3 (8.8)	20.2 (1.77)	31.4 (9.91)	33.0 (11.2)

Table 2. Pearson correlations of the web-based BPD measure with other psychosocial and mental health variables across samples.

	Sample 1 (n = 94)	Sample 2 (n = 418)	Sample 3 (n = 190)	Sample 4 (n = 68)	Sample 5 (n = 58)
Variables	SR-DDIS-BPD scores	SR-DDIS-BPD scores	SR-DDIS-BPD scores	SR-DDIS-BPD scores	SR-DDIS-BPD scores
Age	−.192	−.342**	.009	−.263*	−.530**
Trauma exposure
LEC	.352**
LEC-5					.371**
ACE		.430**
Social support
MSPSS-Family subscale	−.456**			−.143
OFWS		−.491**
Well-being
SHS	−.548**
SRMH	−.598**	−.628**			−.366**
Depression
PHQ-9	.764**	.744**
Post-traumatic stress
PCL		.773**
PCL-5					.629**
PC-PTSD	.530**
Dissociation
DES-T			.268**	.519**
SDQ-5		.425**	.432**	.404**
Psychotic features
CAPE-P	.618**
First-rank symptoms			.487**	.372**
Aggression
RPQ-Reactive subscale			.451**
RPQ-Proactive subscale			.266**

Notes

* p <.05 ** p <.01

BPD = borderline personality disorder; SR-DDIS-BPD = the BPD section of the Self-Report Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule; LEC = the Life Events Checklist; LEC-5 = the LEC for DSM-5; ACE = the 10-item Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire; MSPSS = the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; OFWS = the Overall Family Well-being Scale; SHS = the Subjective Happiness Scale; SRMH = the single-item measure of self-rated mental health; PHQ-9 = the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PCL = the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; PCL-5 = the PCL for DSM-5; PC-PTSD = the Primary Care PTSD Screen; DES-T = the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon; SDQ-5 = the 5-item Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire; CAPE-P = the positive symptom dimension (frequency scale) of the Community Assessment Psychic Experiences; First-rank symptoms = the number of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms as measured with the SR-DDIS; RPQ = the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire.

Table 3. Differences in the web-based BPD measure between participants with and without BPD.

	Sample 3 (college students) (n = 190)		Sample 5a (psychiatric patients without BPD) (n = 37)		Sample 5b (psychiatric patients with BPD) (n = 21)
SR-DDIS-BPD items	%		%		%		χ2 (df = 2)	p
1. Impulsivity	12.1		35.1		76.2		52.133	.000
2. Unstable/intense interpersonal relationships	24.7		40.5		76.2		24.887	.000
3. Intense/uncontrollable anger	10		21.6		42.9		18.221	.000
4. Identity disturbance	16.3		45.9		85.7		54.954	.000
5. Affective instability	32.6		56.8		66.7		14.883	.001
6. Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment	16.3		32.4		71.4		34.042	.000
7. Suicidal/self-mutilation behaviors	0.5		10.8		57.1		95.999	.000
8. Chronic emptiness	25.8		51.4		95.2		44.623	.000
9. Stress-related paranoia or dissociation	8.4		32.4		76.2		65.939	.000
SR-DDIS-BPD score	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F (Post hoc)	p
Total score	1.47	2.00	3.27	2.53	6.48	1.12	63.635 (5b > 5a > 3)	.000

Notes

The SR-DDIS-BPD = the Borderline Personality Disorder section of the Self-Report Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule

Table 4. Sensitivity and specificity of web-based BPD measure in detecting BPD in Sample 5.

SR-DDIS-BPD score	Sensitivity	Specificity	Youden’s Index
4 or above	1.0000	0.5676	0.5676
5 or above	0.9524	0.6486	0.6010
6 or above	0.8571	0.7838	0.6409
7 or above	0.4762	0.8649	0.3411

Notes

The SR-DDIS-BPD = the Borderline Personality Disorder section of the Self-Report Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule