A comparative evaluation of resin- and varnish-based surface protective agents on glass ionomer cement – a spectrophotometric analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Investigated surface protective agents, manufacturer, material type and lot numbers.

Material	Manufacturer	Material type
GC Fuji IX GP^® EXTRA	GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Lot number-1705161	Radiopaque Glass Ionomer restorative cement
GC Fuji VARNISH™	GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Lot number-1706281	Protective Coating
G-Coat Plus™	GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Lot number-1601061	Nanofilled self-adhesive light cured protective coating
EQUIA^® Coat	GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Lot number-1703091	Self-adhesive light cured wear resistant coating
Vaseline^®	Hindustan Unilever Ltd., Tamil Nadu, India Lot number-B1662	Petroleum jelly

Table 2. The composition of each material based on manufacturer’s infosheet.

Product	Composition	Percentage
GC Fuji IX GP^® EXTRA	Powder:
	• Strontium fluoroaluminosilicate glass	95%
	• Polyacrylic acid	5%
	Liquid:
	• Aqueous Polyacrylic acid	40%
Vaseline^®	Petrolatum
GC Fuji VARNISH™	Isopropyl acetate	50–70%
	Acetone	20–30%
G-Coat Plus™	Methylmethacylate	50%
	Multifuctional methacrylate
	Camphoroquinone	0.09%
EQUIA^® Coat	Methylmethacrylate	25–50%
	Photoinitiator	1–5%
	Synergist	1–5%
	Phosphoric acid ester monomer	1–5%

Figure 1. The linear relation between the different concentrations of methylene blue standard solutions and their respective absorbance values.

Figure 2. The concentrations of methylene blue in control versus treatment groups are displayed using the Box and Whisker plot overlaid with Beeswarm plot.

Table 3. The descriptive statistics of each experimental group.

Group	Minimum	1^ST Quartile	Median	Mean	3^RD Quartile	Maximum
Control	39.05	58.72	69.53	75.81	94.92	118.28
Vaseline^®	34.66	57.91	74.92	69.15	85.07	89.74
GC Fuji VARNISH™	12.41	13.49	17.59	21.25	19.84	47.20
G-Coat Plus™	16.51	21.16	23.54	30.39	28.23	68.62
EQUIA^® Coat	4.61	8.47	9.72	9.32	10.74	12.67

Note: unit for all values = µg/ml.

Table 4. Summary of Tukey HSD test.

Inter- group comparison	p Adjusted
Control- Vaseline^®	.9739 N.S.
Control- GC Fuji VARNISH™	.0004***
Control- G-Coat Plus™	.0033**
Control- EQUIA^® Coat	.00002***
Vaseline^®- GC Fuji VARNISH™	.00199**
Vaseline^®- G-Coat Plus™	.0143*
Vaseline^®- EQUIA^® Coat	.0001***
GC Fuji VARNISH™- G-Coat Plus™	.9265 N.S.
GC Fuji VARNISH™- EQUIA^® Coat	.8168 N.S.
G-Coat Plus™- EQUIA^® Coat	.3527 N.S.

N.S.: not significant. *p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001.