Core build-up resin composites: an in-vitro comparative study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the resin-based composites tested according to manufacturer data when available.

	Manufacturer	Product name	Type	Inorganic fillers / particle size	Curing type	Setting time	Working time	Flexural strength	Indications
Conventional resin composites	3M ESPE	Filtek Supreme XTE	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	50 vol% (71 wt%) / 0.02 µm to 2.4 µm	Light-cure	NA	NA	NP	Core Build-up, anterior, posterior, direct, indirect restoration, contention.
	Ivoclar-Vivadent	Tetric Evoceram	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	75–76 wt.% or 53–55 vol.%	Light-cure	NA	NA	120 MPa	Restoration of deciduous teeth – anterior, posterior et cervical regions, veneering of discoloured anterior teeth, splinting of mobile teeth, extended fissure sealing in molars and premolars, repair of composite/ceramic veneers, build-ups for transparent, removable Invisalign® orthodontic retainers.
	Kuraray	Clearfil APX	NP	71 wt.% / 0.02 µm to 17 µm	Light-cure	NA	NA	NP	Posterior anterior tooth, root surface defect.
	Kuraray	Clearfil Majesty Post	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	82wt.% / 0.02 µm to 7.9 µm	Light-cure	NA	NP	177 MPa	Posterior restorations.
	VOCO	Grandio	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	71.4 wt.% (87 wt.%)	Light-cure	NA	NP	161 MPa	Class I to V fillings, traumatically affected anteriors, facetting of discoloured anteriors.
Core build-up resin composites	Dentsply	Core X-Flow	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	NP	Dual-cure	2–3'	40′'–1′30′'	120 MPa	Core Build-up, indirect restoration, adhesive cementation of fiber posts.
	DMG	Luxacore Z Dual	Hybrid	NP	Dual-cure	5′	1'30’	150 MPa	All reconstructions.
	GC	Gradia Core	NP	NP	Dual-cure	5′	3′ at 23 °C		Core build-up and fiber posts cementation.
	Ivoclar-Vivadent	Multicore Flow	Hybrid	46 vol% (70 wt%) / 0.04 µm to 2 µm	Dual-cure	4-5 '	90-120''	95 MPa	Core Build-up and adhesive cementation of glass fiber posts.
	Kuraray	Clearfil DC Core Plus	Hybrid	52wt.% / 0.01 µm to 20 µm	Dual-cure	6′	3′	107 MPa	Core build-up, adhesive cementation of fiber posts.
	Kuraray	Clearfil Photocore	Hybrid	68 wt.% / 0.49 µm to 75 µm	Light-cure	NA	5′	125 MPa	Core build-up.
	Septodont	N'Durance Dimer Core	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	58 vol% / 0.01 µm to 13 µm	Dual-cure	4′	2′	E = 5,5 GPa	Direct core build-up under crowns, bridges, inlay/onlay.
	Ultradent	PermaFlo	NP	68 wt.% / 0,7µm	Dual-cure	5′ à 8′	2'30′'	NP	Anterior and posterior restorations, lower layers when using incremental building of composites.
	VOCO	Grandio Core	Micro-hybrid / Nano-filled	77 wt.%	Dual-cure	5′	1'30’	125 MPa	Core buil-up.
	VOCO	Rebilda DC	Hybrid	71 wt.%	Dual-cure	5′	2′	102 MPa	Adhesive core build-up on vital and non-vital teeth, luting of fibre-reinforced resin posts.
	VOCO	Rebilda LC	Hybrid	77 wt.%	Light-cure	NA	NP	NP	Core build-up on vital and non-vital teeth and blocking out.
	VOCO	Rebilda SC	Hybrid	70 wt.%	Self-cure	NP	NP	57 MPa	Adhesive core build-up on vital and non-vital teeth, luting of fibre-reinforced resin posts

NA: not applicable; NP: not provided.

Figure 1. Flexural modulus (E_flex, GPa) calculated after three-point bending test (n = 20). The materials are ranked in descending order based on their average values; standard deviations are added as horizontal whiskers for each histogram. Similar capital letters placed on the right side of the material names connect RCs presenting no statistically significant difference (p > .05). Dentin values appear for the sake of comparison: 18–25 GPa [32].

Figure 2. – Flexural strength (σ_f, MPa) calculated after three-point bending test (n = 20). The materials are ranked in descending order based on their average values; standard deviations are added as horizontal whiskers for each histogram. Similar capital letters placed on the right side of the material names connect RCs presenting no statistically significant difference (p > .05). Dentin values appear for the sake of comparison: 52–105 MPa [32].

Figure 3. – Inorganic filler content (%) measured by thermogravimetric analysis (n = 3). The materials are ranked in descending order based on their average values; standard deviations are added as horizontal whiskers for each histogram. Similar capital letters placed on the right side of the material names connect RCs presenting no statistically significant difference (p > .05).

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