In vitro abrasivity and chemical properties of charcoal-containing dentifrices

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and product forms of the investigated dentifrices according to manufacturers.

Dentifrice product name (abbreviation)	List of ingredients	Product form	Used in section
NAO Coco teeth whitening (NAO)	100% activated coconut shell charcoal	Powder	1–3
COCO (COCO)	organic activated coconut charcoal, orange seed oil, sodium bicarbonate, coconut oil, mint flavor	Powder	1–3
Colgate® MaxWhite white crystals (MaxWhite)	aqua, sorbitol, hydrated silica, glycerin, PEG-12, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, cellulose gum, tetrasodium pyrophosphate,  cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium fluoride, sodium saccharin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, limonene, Cl 77891, Cl74160, Cl74260	Paste	1 and 3

Figure 1. The mean abraded depths (µm) of the tested dentifrices, reference and controls displayed as median and interquartile range. *Significantly different from DW, p < .05 (n = 6).

Figure 2. Illustration of the brushed zone depth profile widthwise of the tooth specimen. One typical tooth specimen from each group (a)–(e) is shown.

Figure 3. The surface roughness (Ra) in μm of the investigated dentifrices, reference and controls displayed as median and interquartile range.*Significantly different from ISO dentifrice slurry and DW, p < .05 (n = 6).

Figure 4. Mean fluoride concentration (ppm ± SD) of the investigated dentifrices detected between 0 and 24 h (n = 3).

Table 2. pH ± SD of the investigated dentifrices in distilled water and artificial saliva.

	NAO	COCO	MaxWhite
Distilled water	10.2* ± 0.1	8.4 ± 0.7	8.1 ± 0.1
Artificial saliva	9.0* ± 0.1	7.7 ± 0.0	7.1 ± 0.0

*Significantly different from COCO and MaxWhite (p < .05) (n = 3).