Barrier membranes for tissue regeneration in dentistry

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of nonbiodegradable barrier membranes.

Materials	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Polymers
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), expanded PTFE (e-PTFE), dense PTFE (d-PTFE), titanium-reinforced PTFE	- High chemical stability - High biocompatibility - High barrier function	- Surgical removal required - Membrane exposure	[25, 26, 30, 32, 34–38]
Metals
Titanium, titanium alloy	- High biocompatibility - High barrier function - Mechanical strength, durability	- Surgical removal required - Expensive	[51–55]
Cobalt, cobalt alloy	- Low cost - High mechanical strength - Solid space-making	- Less biocompatibility	[56, 57]

Table 2. Summary of biodegradable barrier membranes.

Materials	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Natural polymers
Collagen	- High biocompatibility - Favorable barrier function - Promotion of wound healing - No surgical removal	- Hard to control biodegradation - Low mechanical strength - Residual cross-linking agents - Possible disease transmission	[62, 66, 71–73, 76–79]
Other natural polymers (alginate, chitosan)	- Favorable biocompatibility - No surgical removal	- Questionable barrier function - Hard to control biodegradation - Few studies	[80–87]
Synthetic polymers
Aliphatic polyesters (PLA, PGA and PCL), these copolymers	- Favorable biocompatibility - Favorable barrier function - High reproducibility - Controllable biodegradability and mechanical properties - No surgical removal	- Relatively low mechanical strength - Cytotoxicity of degradation byproduct	[95–100, 102]

Figure 1. Cross-sectional images and schematic illustration of GBR membrane. Cross-sectional electron micrographs of (A) collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®), (B) PLGA monolayer membrane and (C) bilayer membranes composed of PLGA (left) and PLCL (right). (D) Schematic illustration of a bilayer membrane for GBR. #: membrane surface; a: solid layer and b: porous layer (b) (scale bar: 100 μm). Reproduced with permission from Yoshimoto et al. [97] and Abe et al. [100]. Copyright Elsevier B.V.

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