An in-vitro analysis to evaluate the disinfection effectiveness of Cold Atmospheric Pressure (CAP) plasma jet in Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals

Figures & data

Figure 1. Design of the CAP Plasma jet used in the present study.

Figure 2. Generation of CAP Plasma jet plume and exposure in the test sample.

Table 1. Intergroup comparison at fixed time points.

S. No	Time periods	Experimental groups	Mean ± SD of CFU	ANOVA	Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) Model	p Value (Tukeys test)
1	2 min (N = 63)	CAP Plasma Jet (n = 21)	2.19 ± 1.16	<0.0001	<0.0001	<.001^a <.001^b .0753^c
		5.25 % NaOCl (n = 21)	0.09 ± 0.66
		QMix (n = 21)	0.66 ± 0.79
2	5 min (N = 63)	CAP Plasma Jet (n = 21)	1.19 ± 0.74	<0.0001	0.005	<.001^a .001^b .001^c
		5.25 % NaOCl (n = 21)	No CFU (0)
		QMix (n = 21)	0.52 ± 0.67
3	10 min (N = 84)	Control (n = 21)	4.76 ± 0.43	<0.0001	<0.0001	<.001^d <.001^e <.001^f <.001^a .001^b .545^c
		CAP Plasma Jet (n = 21)	0.95 ± 0.66
		5.25 % NaOCl (n = 21)	No CFU (0)
		QMix (n = 21)	0.14 ± 0.35

^aComparison between plasma jet and NaOCl.

^bComparison between plasma jet and Qmix.

^cComparison between NaOCl and Qmix.

^dComparison between normal saline and plasma jet.

^ecomparison between normal saline and NaOCl.

^fComparison between normal saline and Qmix.

CAP: Cold Atmospheric Plasma; NaOCl: Sodium Hypochlorite; SD: Standard Deviation; CFU: Colony Forming Units.

Table 2. Intra-group comparison at different time points.

S. No	Experimental groups	Subgroups	Mean ± SD of CFU	ANOVA	Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) Model	p Value (Tukeys test)
1	CAP Plasma Jet (n = 63)	2 min (n = 21)	2.19 ± 1.16	<0.0001	<0.0001	.001^a .0001^b .14^c
		5 min (n = 21)	1.19 ± 0.74
		10 min (n = 21)	0.95 ± 0.66
2	5.25% NaOCl (n = 63)	2 min (n = 21)	0.09 ± 0.30	0.131	Not Applicable	.13
		5 min (n = 21)	No CFU (0)
		10 min (n = 21)	No CFU (0)
3	QMix (n = 63)	2 min (n = 21)	0.66 ± 0.79	0.03	0.31	.53^a .008^b .01^c
		5 min (n = 21)	0.52 ± 0.67
		10 min (n = 21)	0.14 ± 0.35

^aComparison between 2 and 5 min.

^bComparison between 2 and 10 min.

^cComparison between 5 and 10 min.

CAP: Cold Atmospheric Plasma; NaOCl: Sodium Hypochlorite; SD: Standard Deviation; CFU: Colony Forming Units.