Alternaria alternata and Neocosmospora sp. from the medicinal plant Euphorbia larica exhibit antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp., a plant pathogenic fungus

Figures & data

Figure 1. Inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp. strain SQUCC-F1-2 by Neocosmospora sp. strain SQUCC-F1-1 and Alternaria alternata strain SQUCC-F6-2. A, Alternaria alternata; N, Neocosmospora sp.; F, Fusarium sp.

Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs showing morphological changes in the hyphae of Fusarium sp. strain SQUCC-F1-2 due to antagonistic activity of Alternaria alternata strain SQUCC-F6-2 and Neocosmospora sp. strain SQUCC-F1-1. A, Fusarium sp. control; B, Fusarium sp. + Alternaria alternata; C, Fusarium sp.+ Neocosmospora sp.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree obtained from the combined ITS and Alt a 1 sequence alignment of the species of Alternaria. The tree was rooted using Alternaria alternantherae (CBS 124392). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Maximum likelihood methods and GTRGAMMA model. The bootstrap values are expressed as percentage of 1000 replications.

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree obtained from combined ITS, TEF and RPB2 sequence alignment of the species of Neocosmospora. The tree was rooted using Geejayesia atrofusca (NRRL 22316) and Geejayesia cicatricum (CBS 125552). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Maximum likelihood methods and GTRGAMMA model. The bootstrap values are expressed as percentage of 1000 replications.

Table 1. Compounds detected in the extract of Neocosmospora sp. strain SQUCC-F1-1.

Name of the compound	RT (min)	Peak %	Molecular weight (g/mol)	Molecular formula	Bioactivity	References
Dodecanoic acid	14.68	48.80	200.3	C12H24O2	Antifungal	Walters et al. (2003)
Hexanedioic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester	24.29	25.23	258.3	C14H26O4	Unknown	-
8-Phenyl-1-Octanol	21.5	11.26	206	C14H22O	Unknown	-
Tetradecanoic acid	17.78	1.15	228.3	C14H28O2	Antifungal	Parang et al. (1996)
Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	19.24	1.41	270.4	C17H34O2	Antifungal	Chandrasekaran et al. (2011)
2-methyloctacosane	23.19	0.79	408.7	C29H60	Pheromone	Spikes et al. (2010)

Table 2. Compounds detected in the extract of Alternaria alternata strain SQUCC-F6-2.

Name of the compound	RT (min)	Peak %	Molecular weight (g/mol)	Molecular formula	Bioactivity	References
Dodecanoic acid	14.68	48.88	200.3	C12H24O2	Antifungal	Walters et al. (2003)
Hexanedioic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester	24.34	32.9	258.35	C14H26O4	Unknown	-
7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester	21.2	6.58	268.4	C17H32O2	Unknown	-
Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester	21.42	3.56	298.5	C19H38O2	Antifungal	Shobier et al. (2016)
Heptane, 2,4-dimethyl-	2.704	0.73	128.2	C9H20	Unknown	-
Acetaldehyde (CAS)	5.033	0.64	44	C2H4O	Unknown	-
Tetradecanoic acid	17.78	1.21	228.3	C14H28O2	Antifungal	Parang et al. (1996)
Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	14.86	5.39	270.4	C17H34O2	Antifungal	Chandrasekaran et al. (2011)

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.