Effects of combination treatment with alprostadil and statins in patients with refractory heart failure

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups [($\overline{x}\pm s$), n (%)].

Item	Intervention group (n = 50)	Control group (n = 50)	Χ^2/t	P
Sex (%)			0.041	0.839
Male	30 (60.00)	29 (58.00)
Female	20 (40.00)	21 (42.00)
Age (years)	65.52 ± 5.39	65.59 ± 5.38	0.065	0.948
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.48 ± 2.13	24.61 ± 2.14	0.304	0.761
Course of disease (years)	4.58 ± 2.45	4.59 ± 2.42	0.021	0.984
Hypertension (%)	22 (44.00)	21 (42.00)	0.041	0.840
Diabetes (%)	18 (36.00)	19 (38.00)	0.043	0.836
BNP $(\text{mg}/\text{L)}$	4682.20 ± 563.28	4679.10 ± 556.21	0.028	0.978
LVEF (%)	27.86 ± 2.05	28.03 ± 2.09	0.411	0.682
NYHA functional class (%)			0.041	0.840
Class III	28 (56.00)	29 (58.00)
Class IV	22 (44.00)	21 (42.00)
Primary heart disease (%)			0.381	0.827
Ischemic cardiomyopathy	26 (52.00)	27 (54.00)
Dilated cardiomyopathy	17 (34.00)	18 (36.00)
Hypertensive heart disease	7 (14.00)	5 (10.00)
Application of diuretic (%)	46 (92.00)	47 (94.00)	0.154	0.695
Spironolactone (%)	41 (82.00)	40 (80.00)	0.065	0.799
Administration of ACEI/ARB (%)	46 (92.00)	47 (94.00)	0.154	0.695
Administration of β-blocker (%)	42 (84.00)	41 (82.00)	0.071	0.790

Table 2. Comparisons of total effective rates between the intervention and control groups, n (%).

Group	Markedly effective	Effective	Ineffective	Total effective rate
Intervention group (n = 50)	31 (62.00)	18 (36.00)	1 (2.00)	49 (98.00)
Control group (n = 50)	19 (38.00)	24 (48.00)	7 (14.00)	43 (86.00)
χ^2	–	–	–	4.891
P	–	–	–	0.027

Figure 1. New York Heart Association functional classification in the control and intervention groups.

Notes: Compared to conditions before treatment, ***P < 0.001, and the control group, ^###P < 0.001.

Figure 2. Quality of Life scores in the control and intervention groups.

Notes: Compared to conditions before treatment, ***P < 0.001, and the control group, ^###P < 0.001.

Table 3. Comparison of levels of ventricular remodeling indices between the two groups $(\overline{\mathbf{\text{x}}}\pm \mathbf{\text{s}})$.

	LVEDD (mm)		LVESD (mm)		LVEDV
Group	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Intervention group (n = 50)	61.97 ± 8.60	58.07 ± 7.64	49.78 ± 9.20	42.18 ± 9.03	126.31 ± 59.37	103.22 ± 56.93
Control group (n = 50)	62.02 ± 8.56	62.10 ± 8.71	49.72 ± 9.22	47.73 ± 8.28	126.34 ± 59.17	124.60 ± 63.52
t	0.029	2.459	0.032	3.205	0.003	1.772
P	0.977	0.016	0.974	0.002	0.998	0.079

Figure 3. Oxidative Stress Indices in the Control and Intervention Groups.

Notes: ***P < 0.001, compared to conditions before treatment; ^###P < 0.001, compared to the control group.

Table 4. Comparison of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels between the two groups $(\overline{\mathbf{\text{x}}}\pm \mathbf{\text{s}})$.

	hs-CRP (mg/L)		IL-6 (ng/L)		TNF-α (mg/L)
Group	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Intervention group (n = 50)	3.68 ± 0.54	1.53 ± 0.37*	32.05 ± 4.73	13.20 ± 3.28*	29.42 ± 4.50	13.05 ± 3.17*
Control group (n = 50)	3.64 ± 0.52	2.34 ± 0.44*	33.12 ± 4.82	17.98 ± 3.75*	30.28 ± 4.53	16.59 ± 3.46*
t	0.377	9.963	1.120	6.784	0.952	5.334
P	0.707	0.000	0.265	0.000	0.343	0.000

Compared with that before treatment in the group, *P < 0.05.

Table 5. Comparison of BNP and blood lipid levels between the two groups $(\overline{\mathbf{\text{x}}}\pm \mathbf{\text{s}})$.

	BNP (pg/mL)		TC (mmol/L)		TG (mmol/L)
Group	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Intervention group (n = 50)	4682.20 ± 563.28	2054.30 ± 253.18*	7.35 ± 0.69	4.10 ± 0.47*	3.35 ± 0.62	2.10 ± 0.41*
Control group (n = 50)	4679.10 ± 556.21	2938.47 ± 321.60*	7.32 ± 0.68	5.59 ± 0.60*	3.32 ± 0.60	2.59 ± 0.53*
t	0.028	15.275	0.219	13.824	0.246	5.171
P	0.978	0.000	0.827	0.000	0.806	0.000

Compared with prior treatment in the group, *P < 0.05.

Table 6. Comparison of FGB, FIS, and IAI between the two groups $(\overline{\mathbf{\text{x}}}\pm \mathbf{\text{s}})$.

	FBG (mmol/L)		FIS (mU/L)		IAI
Group	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Intervention group (n = 50)	5.65 ± 0.68	4.70 ± 0.42*	16.02 ± 2.05	9.64 ± 1.30*	−1.93 ± 0.25	−1.59 ± 0.15*
Control group (n = 50)	5.64 ± 0.66	4.89 ± 0.47*	15.97 ± 2.03	13.01 ± 1.59*	−1.94 ± 0.26	−1.67 ± 0.19*
t	0.075	2.132	0.123	11.603	0.196	2.3367
P	0.941	0.036	0.903	0.000	0.845	0.022

Compared with that before treatment in the group, *P < 0.05.

Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.