Regulation of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in inflammation

Figures & data

Figure 1. H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases in inflammatory diseases.

Table 1. The domain compositions and substrate specificities of H3K9 methyltransferases.

Table 2. The domain composition and substrate specificities of H3K9 demethylases.

Note: For each enzyme, alternative names and Corresponding domain structures are shown. Domain structure predictions are based on the UniProt database. Also shown are the corresponding histone substrate. SWIRM, Swi3p, Rsc8p, and Moira domain; CW, zinc finger CW-type; C2HC, zinc finger; C6, zinc finger; JHDM, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase; PHF, plant homeodomain finger protein.

Table 3. Target Inflammatory genes and related inflammation models of H3K9 methylases.

Name	Effect on target genes	Target genes	Relevant inflammatory diseases	References
SUV39H1	Repression	IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 MCSF, MCP-1, TNF-α, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, NF-κB	COPD, diabetic metabolic memory, diabetic complications, I/R injury	(Saccani and Natoli 2002; Wei et al. 2009; Tausendschön et al. 2011; Fang et al. 2012; Mehta and Jeffrey 2015; Rodriguez et al. 2017; Iacono et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2019)
SUV39H2	Activation	Sirt1, PPARγ	Steatosis, NAFLD	(Fukuyama et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2013)
G9a	Repression/Promotion	IL-1β, TNF-a, IL-23, JAK / STAT, ICAM-1, VCAM-1	Endotoxin tolerance, skin inflammation, brain disease, allergic pulmonary inflammation, colon inflammation	(Shi et al. 2004; Agustí et al. 2012; Lee et al. 2012b; Wu et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016; Alashkar Alhamwe et al. 2020; Wu et al. 2020; Placha and Jampilek 2021)
GLP	Repression	RelAK310me1 (SETD6-RelA-GLP-H3K9me2)		(Villeneuve et al. 2008)
SETDB1	Repression	PPARγ	Obesity, psoriasis	(Vestbo et al. 2013; Antignano et al. 2014)
SETDB2	Repression	type I interferon, CXCL1	Influenza virus infection, brain injury	(Chen et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2018)

Table 4. Target genes and related inflammation models of H3K9 demethylases.

Name	Effect on target genes	Target genes	Relevant inflammatory diseases	References
LSD1	Repression/Promotion	C /EBPβ, NF-κβ, TLR4	Inflammation in preadipocytes, HBV-associated glomerulonephritis	(Reddy et al. 2013; Jih et al. 2017)
KDM3A	Promotion	15-LOX-1	Colon cancer	(Kiyici et al. 2006)
KDM4A	Promotion	IL-1β, CCL2, TNF, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-6rα, p65, c REL, Stat3	Vascular inflammation, intimal hyperplasia, macrophage polarization, brain inflammation	(Ross 1999; Control 2005; Dinh et al. 2009; Yu et al. 2012)
KDM4B	Promotion	PODXL, p65, Notch1, IL-1β, IL-2, NOS, Bcl2, TGF-β, NF-κβ, COX-2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1	Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, vascular inflammation, neuroinflammation, gastritis, brain disease	(Group 2008; Ceriello 2009; Ceriello et al. 2009; Agustí et al. 2012; Cooper 2012)
KDM4D	Promotion	IL-12β		(Schnell et al. 2012)
KDM7B	Promotion	NF-κB		(Castelnau et al. 1998)

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Data availability statement

The data supporting this review are from previously reported studies and datasets, which have been cited. The processed data are available.