Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of rice straw treated with Pleurotus florida

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of composted and uncomposted rice straw.

	Rice straw
Chemical composition (% DM basis)	Composted	Uncomposted	P-value
DM	91.88 ± 0.225	92.21 ± 0.243	0.0570
OM	76.74 ± 0.132	80.08 ± 0.907	0.0010*
Ash	23.26 ± 0.132	19.92 ± 0.907	0.0010*
CP	5.34 ± 0.156	4.40 ± 0.183	0.0001*
EE	1.38 ± 0.128	1.33 ± 0.091	0.5318
CF	35.90 ± 0.207	38.29 ± 1.326	0.0149*
NDF	69.27 ± 0.629	71.33 ± 0.794	0.0019*
ADF	60.51 ± 0.863	59.78 ± 1.042	0.2607
ADL	9.80 ± 0.392	10.49 ± 0.622	0.0703
Cellulose	50.71 ± 0.683	49.29 ± 1.379	0.0732
Hemicellulose	8.76 ± 0.559	11.55 ± 1.053	0.0008*
Silica	20.01 ± 0.143	17.07 ± 0.836	0.0012*

DM: Dry matter; OM: Organic matter; CP: Crude protein; EE: Ether extract; CF: Crude fiber; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; ADL: Acid detergent lignin; *indicates P < 0.05 means significantly different; mean ± standard deviation.

Table 2. In vitro digestibility of composted and uncomposted rice straw.

	Rice straw
In vitro digestibility (%)	Composted	Uncomposted	P-value
DM	57.74 ± 1.805	56.87 ± 0.932	0.5010
OM	60.54 ± 1.075	59.41 ± 1.283	0.2321
CP	56.24 ± 0.863	55.28 ± 0.898	0.1982
NDF	52.89 ± 0.684	52.52 ± 0.737	0.5602
ADF	50.10 ± 0.885	47.63 ± 0.413	0.0118*

DM: Dry matter; OM: Organic matter; CP: Crude protein; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; *indicates P < 0.05 means significantly different; mean ± standard deviation.

Table 3. Interaction of the chemical composition of composted and uncomposted rice straw treated with P. florida and different substrate harvesting periods.

	*Rice straw treated with P. florida
	Composted				Uncomposted
Chemical composition (% DM basis)	FR	1F	2F	3F	FR	1F	2F	3F	P-value (A x B)
DM	92.48^c	91.31^d	96.07^a	93.56^b	94.38^b	90.66^d	95.56^a	94.03^b	<0.0001
OM	70.23	65.24	59.14	55.90	77.36	71.09	64.17	61.94	0.1870
Ash	29.77	34.76	40.86	44.10	22.64	28.91	35.83	38.06	0.1870
CP	8.62^c	7.87^d	9.70^b	10.57^a	6.98^e	7.15^de	8.63^c	8.78^c	0.0072
EE	1.80^c	1.89^bc	2.57^b	2.59^b	1.46^c	2.07^bc	3.39^a	3.53^a	0.0009
CF	24.41^b	17.05^c	13.16^de	9.26^f	28.71^a	19.13^c	14.19^d	10.83^ef	0.0328
NDF	69.26^a	64.36^b	62.32^bc	55.85^e	70.07^a	61.15^c	58.41^d	56.19^de	<0.0001
ADF	63.04^a	58.92^b	58.34^b	52.27^cd	59.05^b	54.02^c	51.93^d	49.87^e	0.0006
ADL	13.16^a	12.32^ab	12.06^ab	8.85^d	11.81^ab	11.19^bc	9.71^cd	9.19^d	0.0131
Cellulose	49.87	46.60	46.28	43.42	47.24	42.84	42.22	40.68	0.5994
Hemicellulose	6.22^bc	5.44^cd	3.98^de	3.57^e	11.02^a	7.12^b	6.48^bc	6.32^bc	0.0008
Silica	23.56^c	25.72^bc	32.85^a	31.92^a	17.90^d	23.79^c	28.52^b	33.10^a	<0.0001

DM: Dry matter; OM: Organic matter; CP: Crude protein; EE: Ether extract; CF: Crude fiber; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; ADL: Acid detergent lignin; Substrate harvesting periods: FR: Full ramification; 1F: 1st flush; 2F: 2nd flush; 3F: 3rd flush; Means with the different superscripts within the row are significant at P < 0.05; *indicates 90% rice straw + 10% rice bran formulation.

Table 4. Chemical composition of composted and uncomposted rice straw treated with P. florida and its substrate harvesting period.

	*Rice straw treated with P. florida
	Factor A		Factor B
Chemical composition (% DM Basis)	Composted	Uncomposted	FR	1F	2F	3F	P-value (A)	P-value (B)
DM	93.36	93.66	93.43	90.98	95.81	93.80	0.0428	<0.0001
OM	62.63^b	68.64^a	73.80^a	68.17^b	61.65^c	58.92^d	<0.0001	<0.0001
Ash	37.37^a	31.36^b	26.20^d	31.83^c	38.35^b	41.08^a	<0.0001	<0.0001
CP	9.19	7.88	7.80	7.51	9.16	9.67	<0.0001	<0.0001
EE	2.21	2.61	1.63	1.98	2.98	3.06	0.0011	<0.0001
CF	15.97	18.22	26.56	18.09	13.67	10.05	<0.0001	<0.0001
NDF	62.95	61.46	69.67	62.75	60.36	56.02	0.0004	<0.0001
ADF	58.14	53.72	61.05	56.47	55.14	51.07	<0.0001	<0.0001
ADL	11.60	10.47	12.49	11.75	10.89	9.02	0.0002	<0.0001
Cellulose	46.54^a	43.25^b	48.72^a	44.72^b	44.25^b	42.05^c	<0.0001	<0.0001
Hemicellulose	4.80	7.73	8.62	6.28	5.23	4.95	<0.0001	<0.0001
Silica	28.52	25.83	20.73	24.76	30.69	32.51	<0.0001	<0.0001

DM: Dry matter; OM: Organic matter; CP: Crude protein; EE: Ether extract; CF: Crude fiber; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; ADL: Acid detergent lignin; Factor A: Preparation of rice straw; Factor B: Substrate harvesting period; FR: full ramification; 1F: 1st flush; 2F: 2nd flush; 3F: 3rd flush; Means with the different superscripts within the row are significant at P < 0.05; *indicates 90% rice straw + 10% rice bran formulation.

Figure 1. The main effects of P. florida on the in vitro digestibility of composted and uncomposted rice straw.

Figure 2. In vitro digestibility of rice straw treated with P. florida during different substrate harvesting periods.

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph of rice straw (RS). [A] Composted RS (2000X); [B]: Uncomposted RS (1500X); P showed by arrow means phytoliths.

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrograph of composted rice straw treated with P. florida at different substrate harvesting period. [A]: Full ramification (1000X); [B]: 1st flush (1500X); [C]: 2nd flush (1500X); [D]: 3rd flush (1500X); FM-fungal mycelia; Pe-perforations.

Figure 5. Scanning electron micrograph of uncomposted rice straw treated with P. florida at different substrate harvesting periods. [A]: Full ramification (2000X); [B]: 1st flush (2000X); [C]: 2nd flush (1000X); [D]: 3rd flush (1500X); FM-fungal mycelia; Pe-perforations.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in figshare.com at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14740422.v1.