Coleus aromaticus Benth.: an update on its bioactive constituents and medicinal properties

Figures & data

Figure 1. The structures of amino acids found in Coleus aromaticus.

Figure 2. The structures of non-volatile compounds found in Coleus aromaticus.

Figure 3. The structures of vitamins found in Coleus aromaticus.

Figure 4. The structures of volatile compounds found in Coleus aromaticus.

Table 1. Bioactive constituents of Coleus aromaticus.

Type of compounds	Name of compounds	References
Amino acids	Aspartic acid [C4H7NO4]; thrionine [C4H9NO3]; serine [C3H7NO3]; glutamic acid [C5H9NO4]; proline [C5H9NO2]; glycine [C2H5NO2]; alanine [C3H7NO2]; valine [C5H11NO2]; isoleucine[C6H13NO2]; leucine [C6H13NO2]; tyrosine [C9H11NO3]; phenyl alanine [C9H11NO2]; histidine [C6H9N3O2]; lysine [C6H14N2O2]; arginine [C6H14N4O2]	El-hawary et al. (2012)
Enzymes	Phosphatase; catalase; lipase; oxidase	Khare et al. (2011)
Fibers	Soluble dietary fibers; insoluble dietary fibers	Khare et al. (2011)
Flavonoids	Chrysoeriol [C16H12O6]; cirsimaritin [C17H14O6]; luteolin [C15H10O6]; rutin [C27H30O16]; salvigenin [C18H16O6]; thymoquinone [C10H12O2]; quercetin [C15H10O7]; 5,4`-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy flavone [C17H14O6]; 5,4`-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy flavone [C17H14O6]; 5-O-methyl-luteolin [C16H12O6]; 3,5,7,31 4`-pentahydroxy flavanone [C15H12O7]; 4`,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) [C15H10O5]	Hassani et al. (2012), Kweka et al. (2012), Manjamalai and Grace (2012); Verma et al. (2012), Joshi et al. (2011), Uma et al. (2011), Da Costa et al. (2010), Senthilkumar and Venkatesalu (2010), Murthy et al. (2009), Velasco et al. (2009), Kaliappan and Viswanathan (2008), Koba et al., (2011), Ragasa et al. (1999)
Minerals	Calcium; phosphorous; potassium; sodium; magnesium	Khare et al. (2011)
Phenols	Caffeic acid [C9H8O4]; gallic acid [C7H6O5]; p-coumaric acid [C9H8O3]; chlorogenic acid [C16H18O9]; rosmarinic acid [C18H16O8]; salvianolic acid A [C26H22O10]; shimobashiric acid [C36H32O16]	Thilagavathi and Hariram (2016), Joshi et al. (2011), Senthilkumar and Venkatesalu (2010), Murthy et al. (2009), Rasineni et al. (2008), Kumaran and Karunakaran (2007)
Trace elements	Iron; zinc; copper; chromium; manganese	Wadikar and Patki (2016), Khare et al. (2011)
Vitamins	Ascorbic acid [C6H8O6]; α-carotene [C40H56]; β-carotene [C40H56]; tocopherol [C29H50O2]; retinol [C20H30O]; calciferols [C28H44O]; vitamin B complex (thiamin B1 [C12H17N4OS+]; pyridoxin B6 [C8H1111NO3]; riboflavin B2 [C17H20N4O6]; niacin [C6H5NO2]; cyanocobalamine [C63H88CoN14O14P]; folic acid [C19H19N7O6])	El-hawary et al. (2012), Khare et al. (2011)
Volatile compounds	δ-3-carene [C10H16]; p-cymene [C10H14]; limonene [C10H16]; β-myrcene [C10H16]; ocimene [C10H16]; α-phellandrene [C10H16]; β-phellandrene [C10H16]; α-pinene [C10H16]; β-pinene [C10H16]; sabinene [C10H16]; α-terpinene [C10H16]; γ-terpinene [C10H16]; α-terpinolene [C10H16]; α-thujene [C10H16]; α-amorphene [C15H24]; aromadendrene [C15H24]; trans-α-bergamotene [C15H24]; trans-β-bergamotene [C15H24]; γ-cadinene [C15H24]; δ-cadinene [C15H24]; α-calacorene [C15H20]; cis-calamenene [C15H22]; β-caryophyllene [C15H24]; γ-caryophyllene [C15H24]; α-copaene [C15H24]; α-cubebene [C15H24]; (E,Z)-α-farnesene [C15H24]; germacrene D [C15H24]; γ-gurjunene [C15H24]; humulene [C15H24]; α-muurolene [C15H24]; patchoulene [C15H24]; β-selinene [C15H24]; β-sesquiphellandrene [C15H24]; thymol [C10H14O]; camphor [C10H16O]; carvacrol [C10H14O]; carvone [C10H14O]; 1,8-cineole [C10H18O]; eugenol [C10H12O2]; geraniol [C10H18O]; linalool [C10H18O]; methyl carvacrol [C11H16O]; methyl eugenol [C11H14O2]; α-terpineol [C10H18O]; terpinen-4-ol [C10H18O]; thymol methyl ether [C11H16O]; caryophyllene oxide [C15H24O]; β-cedrene epoxide [C15H24O]; β-copaen-4-α-ol [C15H24O]; 1-epi-cubenol [C15H26O]; β-eudesmol [C15H26O]; β-himachalene oxide [C15H24O]; humulene oxide [C15H24O]; spathulenol [C15H24O]; 1,2-benzenediol 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl) [C10H14O2]; chavicol [C9H10O]; methyl chavicol [C10H12O]; α-corocalene [C15H20]; Dihydrocarveol [C10H18O]; durohydroquinone [C10H14O2]; 1,4 eicosadiene [C20H38]; ethyl salicylate [C9H10O3]; (Z)-1,3-hexadiene [C6H10]; (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol [C6H12O]; methyl octanoate [C9H18O2]; 1-octen-3-ol [C8H16O]; oleic acid [C18H34O2]; 2-phenyl ethyl tiglate [C13H16O2]; phytol [C20H40O]; squalene [C30H50]; tetradecanal [C14H28O]; 3,7,11,15–tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol [C20H40O]; thymol acetate [C12H16O2]; trans-sabinene hydrate [C12H20O2]; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid[C8H6O4]; diethyl ester [(C2H5)2O]; octadecenal [C18H34O]; dibutyl phthalate [C16H22O4]; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid [C18H30O2]; ethyl ester[C6H10O2]; solanesol [C45H74O]	Mamani and Alhaji (2019), Chen et al. (2014), Sabrina et al. (2014), Bhatt et al. (2013), Hassani et al. (2012), Kweka et al. (2012), Manjamalai and Grace (2012); Verma et al. (2012), Rout et al. (2012), Tewari et al. (2012), El-hawary et al. (2012), Khare et al. (2011), Joshi et al. (2011), Uma et al. (2011), Da Costa et al. (2010), Senthilkumar and Venkatesalu (2010), Murthy et al. (2009), Velasco et al. (2009), Koba et al., ((2011), Singh et al. (2002), Mallavarapu et al. (1999), Baslas and Kumar (1981), Dutta (1959)

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Data availability statement

Data sharing does not apply to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.