Prevalence and drug resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from wound and bloodstream nosocomial infections in Hamadan, West of Iran

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic findings of patient included in this study.

Source	Total sample No.	Female	Male	Mean Age ± SD	Antibiotic history during 2 last weeks
Sina Hospital	1710	909	801	42 ± 9	NO
Be’sat Hospital	550	302	248	35 ± 11	NO
Shahid Beheshti Hospital	323	158	165	38 ± 8	NO
Total	2583 (100%)	1369 (53%)	1214 (47%)	38 ± 9	–

Figure 1. (a) Frequency of bacterial isolates of blood samples (b) Frequency of bacterial isolates of wound samples.

Figure 2. (a) Frequency of bacterial isolates of blood samples among patients (b) Frequency of bacterial isolates of wound samples among patients.

Figure 3. Frequency of gram negative and positive bacteria according to sources.

Table 2. The highest antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from blood samples.

Bacteria (No)	Antibiotics	Frequency of resistance	Percentage	Bacteria (No)	Antibiotics	Frequency of resistance	Percentage	Bacteria (No)	Antibiotics	Frequency of resistance	Percentage
S. aureus (74)	PG	73	98.6	Enterobacter (20)	CL	17	85	P. aeruginosa (12)	IMI	12	100
	PTZ	71	95.9		GM	16	80		CTX	12	100
	CIP	70	94.5		LZD	16	80		CRO	10	83.3
	E	54	72.9		FOX	14	70		GM	10	83.3
	IMI	51	68.9		SAM	10	50		AN	9	75
	SXT	44	59.4		CRO	9	45		SXT	8	66.6
	FOX	43	58.1		CAZ	8	40		FEP	8	66.6
	GEM	38	51.3		FEP	7	35		SXT	8	66.6
	CL	36	48.6		CFM	7	35		PTZ	7	58.3
	MEN	30	40.5		CIP	5	25		CAZ	7	58.3
S. epidermidis (73)	NOR	72	98.6	K. pneumoniae (18)	IMI	17	94.4	Alcaligenes (12)	CTX	10	83.3
	PG	70	95.8		SAM	15	83.3		PG	9	75
	OX	69	94.5		AN	13	72.2		IMI	6	50
	CAZ	61	83.5		FEP	12	66.6		AN	5	41.6
	PG	60	82.1		CTX	11	61.1		CRO	5	41.6
	AZM	57	78.0		MEN	10	55.5		GM	5	41.6
	CRO	53	72.6		CAZ	10	55.5		FEP	4	33.3
	IMI	52	71.2		OFX	10	55.5		OFX	3	25
	FOX	48	65.7		PTZ	10	55.5		MEN	2	16.6
	SXT	38	52.0		CIP	9	50		CAZ	1	8.3
E. coli (43)	CP	41	95.3	A. baumannii (13)	FEP	13	100	S. saprophyticus (9)	FOX	9	100
	CTX	32	74.4		IMI	13	100		NB	9	100
	CRO	29	67.4		MEN	13	100		MEN	8	88.8
	LEV	29	67.4		CRO	13	100		CRO	8	88.8
	PTZ	28	65.1		PTZ	13	100		LEV	8	88.8
	SXT	23	53.4		LEV	13	100		OX	8	88.8
	CFM	22	51.1		SAM	13	100		CAZ	7	77.7
	OFX	16	37.2		CAZ	12	92.3		FEP	7	77.7
	FEP	15	34.8		CIP	12	92.3		CIP	6	66.6
	IMI	14	32.5		AN	12	92.3		CL	6	66.6

Note: CP: ciprofloxacin; CAZ: ceftazidime; FEP: cefepime; AN: amikacin; SAM: ampicillin/Sulbactam; IMI: imipenem; CFM: cefixime; SXT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; FM: nitrofurantoin; CRO: ceftriaxone; LEV: levofloxacin; CZ: cefazolin; MEN: meropenem; PTZ: piperacillin/tazobactam; OFX: ofloxacin; PG: penicillin; E: erythromycin; FOX: cefoxitin; CL: clindamycin; VAN: vancomycin; AZM: azithromycin; NOR: norfloxacin; LZD: linezolid; NB: novobiocin; CTX: cefotaxime.

Table 3. The highest antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from wound samples.

Bacteria (No)	Antibiotics	Frequency of resistance	Percentage	Bacteria (No)	Antibiotics	Frequency of resistance	Percentage
S. aureus (43)	CIP	42	97.6	P. aeruginosa (18)	CTX	18	100
	PG	42	97.6		OFX	18	100
	SXT	25	58.1		SAM	18	100
	E	25	58.1		SXT	18	100
	CZ	24	55.8		CFM	17	94.4
	CAZ	23	53.4		CRO	17	94.4
	PTZ	22	51.1		IMI	15	50
E. coli (31)	CIP	29	93.5	K. pneumoniae (9)	PTZ	7	77.7
	SXT	28	90.3		FEP	5	55.5
	PTZ	26	83.8		CAZ	3	33.3
	CFN	23	74.1		CIP	3	33.3
	CTX	17	54.8		AN	3	33.3
	CN	17	54.8		IMI	3	33.3
	CAZ	15	48.3		CRO	3	33.3
S. epidermidis (19)	OX	18	94.7	A. baumannii (9)	PTZ	9	100
	PG	17	89.4		FEP	9	100
	PTZ	14	73.6		SAM	9	100
	FOX	14	73.6		IMI	9	100
	FEP	12	63.1		CRO	9	100
	CL	12	63.1		CIP	9	100
	VAN	7	36.8		CAZ	8	88.8

Note: CP: ciprofloxacin; CAZ: ceftazidime; FEP: cefepime; AN: amikacin; SAM: ampicillin/Sulbactam; IMI: imipenem; CFM: cefixime; SXT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; FM: nitrofurantoin; CRO: ceftriaxone; LEV: levofloxacin; CZ: cefazolin; MEN: meropenem; PTZ: piperacillin/tazobactam; OFX: ofloxacin; PG: penicillin; E: erythromycin; FOX: cefoxitin; CL: clindamycin; VAN: vancomycin; AZM: azithromycin; NOR: norfloxacin; LZD: linezolid; NB: novobiocin; CTX: cefotaxime.

Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.