Probing into the concept of ‘research for society’ to utilize as a strategy to synergize flexibility of a research institute working on eco-friendly commercial agriculture

Figures & data

Table 1. Model variables in social awareness, their relationships, and justifications.

	Variable	Type	Relationship	Justification
Social Awareness (SAW)		LV	H1: SAW has a significant effect on RFS	Refer to the text of this manuscript
1	Collaborative community participation (CCP)	LV	H2: CCP has a significant effect on SAW	Research is accepted only its stakeholders are satisfied with its outputs. This could be achieved through collaborative efforts of all stakeholder participation.
2	Social issues discovered (SID)	manifest	SID contributes SAW	More issues discovered will provide a good insight into what is required by the research.
3	National priorities analyzed (NPA)	manifest	NPA contributes SAW	National priorities are people’s mandate, so they will provide good insight into research development.
4	Social issues analyzed (SIA)	manifest	SIA contributes SAW	Analyzing an issue produce data that could be converted into decision-support information.
5	Social issues solved (SIS)	manifest	SIS contributes SAW	Issues solved by research make research more sustainable as an industry.
Latent Variable (LV); Hypotheses (H)

Table 2. Model variables in functional flexibility, their relationships, and justifications.

	Variable	Type	Relationship	Justification
Functional flexibility of research institute (FLX)		LV	H3: FLX supports RFS (through social awareness) H4: FLX has a significant effect on RFS	Refer to the text of this manuscript
1	Process innovations (PIN)	manifest	PIN contributes FLX	Process innovations are needed to cater ever-changing needs of the agricultural society.
2	Continuous value additions to existing researches (CVA)	manifest	CVA contributes FLX	Here research output is continuously improved over time with more research on original research
3	Change of Resource (Human/ Machine) (COR)	manifest	COR contributes FLX	Adjusting and transferring of resources will affect the research output to reach its maximum
4	Technology adoption (TAD)	manifest	TAD contributes FLX	Quick and reliable outputs are a function of the technology adoption
5	Workforce willingness in adaption and evolution (WFW)	LV	H5: WFW has a significant effect on FLX	The ambition and emotional stability of a more diverse workforce exert stronger effects on adaptive performance. The research community has the upper hand in inheriting these characteristics naturally.
6	Extra hours worked (EHW)	manifest	EHW contributes FLX	Researchers willingly engage extra hours in work to complete research projects because they see the intrinsic value and delight in the challenge of those research projects.
7	Extra work done (EWD)	manifest	EWD contributes FLX	Researchers willingly engage in extra research work to see new developments because they see the extra recognition that they will have from it.
Latent Variable (LV); Hypotheses (H)

Table 3. Model variables in research for society, their relationships, and justifications.

	Variable	Type	Relationship	Justification
Research for society (RFS)		LV	KPD/ KPI has linked with H3 and H4 in Table 2	Refer to the text of this manuscript
1	How many research works on social issues (either identified through institute interventions or requested by external interventions)? (ROS)	manifest	ROS contributes RFS	Integration of all inputs against outputs of research conduct will provide good insight into what will be the next right research for innovative and sustainable Commercial Agriculture.
2	How many researches are recommended/ accepted by society?/ Social satisfaction (SSA)	LV	H6: SSA has a significant effect on RFS
3	How many researches are there to mitigate the complexity of a social problem? (ROC)	manifest	ROC contributes RFS
4	How many researches shows its adaptability to change the request of society? (RAS)	manifest	RAS contributes RFS
5	How much easy research output to be used in society? (ERE)	manifest	ERE contributes RFS
6	How many researches meet quality criteria? (RMQ)	manifest	RMQ contributes RFS
7	How many researches meet budget/ cost criteria? (RMC)	manifest	RMC contributes RFS
Latent Variable (LV); Hypotheses (H)

Figure 1. A conceptual model to be used in identifying, testing, and validating the complex structure of performance drives towards ‘Research for Society’ KPI.

Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.