Significant increase in prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite with physical exercise suggesting muscle inflammation

Figures & data

Table 1. Schedule of exercise for high school boys belonging to a soccer club in physical exercise study 1.

	One day before exercise	Before exercise	The exercise for 2 h	Just after exercise	3 h after exercise	Next morning after exercise
Void urine sampling	$◯1$11:30	$◯2$14:00	Soccer game style	$◯3$16:20	$◯4$19:20	$◯5$7:00

*The exercise was performed on a flat ground area (n = 59).

Table 2. Schedule of exercise for high school boys belonging to a soccer club in physical exercise study 2.

1at day		2nd day						3rd day
PM Exercise	Night Exercise	Urine	Morning Exercise before breakfast	AM Exercise before lunch	Urine	PM Exercise	Urine	Urine	Morning Exercise	AM Exercise before lunch	Urine
Running on a flat area for 10 km	Streng-thening the body core for 1 h	Early morning $◯1$ 6:00	Running on a flat area for 6 km	Running on a flat area for 5 km, and up & down in short intervals (the difference in height was 50 m, the distance was 200 m) X30 times for 1.5 h	$◯2$ 11:00	Running on a flat area for 5 km, and up & down in short intervals (the difference in height was 50 m, the distance was 200 m) X15 times for 1.5 h	$◯3$ 16:00	Early morning $◯4$ 6:00	Running on a flat area for 5 km	Running on a flat road for 17 km for 1.5-2 h	$◯5$ 10:30

*The exercise was performed at a summer training camp (mountain area, 1,350 m above sea level) (n = 65).

Table 3. Correlation analysis data (Spearman, ρ) in the physical exercise 1.

	PGE-MUM·Cr (g/gCr)	L-FABP·Cr (µg/gCr)	Total protein·Cr (µg/gCr)	Creatinine (mg/dL)	PGE-MUM (ng/mL)	L-FABP (ng/mL)	Total protein (mg/dL)
PGE-MUM·Cr	1	0.151^c	0.21^b	0.236	0.811	0.216^a	0.221^a
L-FABP·Cr	0.151^c	1	0.455	0.303	0.257	0.901	0.458
Total protein·Cr	0.21^b	0.455	1	0.54	0.452	0.599	0.965
Creatinine	0.236	0.303	0.54	1	0.728	0.664	0.69
PGE-MUM	0.811	0.257	0.452	0.728	1	0.514	0.544
L-FABP	0.216^a	0.901	0.599	0.664	0.514	1	0.665
Total protein	0.221^a	0.458	0.965	0.69	0.544	0.665	1

^a p = 0.0002; ^b p = 0.0003; ^c p = 0.0100; Other p < 0.0001.

Table 4. Correlation analysis data (Spearman, ρ) in the physical exercise 2.

	PGE-MUM·Cr (µg/gCr)	L-FABP·Cr (µg/gCr)	Total protein·Cr (µg/gCr)	Creatinine (mg/dL)	PGE-MUM (ng/mL)	L-FABP (ng/mL)	Total protein (mg/dL)
PGE-MUM·Cr	1	0.49	0.484	−0.306	0.623	0.434	0.42
L-FABP·Cr	0.49	1	0.725	−0.369	0.098^c	0.948	0.665
Total protein·Cr	0.484	0.725	1	−0.294	0.179^d	0.713	0.942
Creatinine	−0.306	−0.369	−0.294	1	0.48	−0.151^a	−0.044^b
PGE-MUM	0.623	0.098^c	0.179^d	0.48	1	0.227	0.313
L-FABP	0.434	0.948	0.713	−0.151^a	0.227	1	0.728
Total protein	0.42	0.665	0.942	−0.044^b	0.313	0.728	1

^a p = 0.0670; ^b p = 0.4268; ^c p = 0.0784; ^d p = 0.0017; Other p < 0.0001.

Data Availability Statement

All relevant data are within the manuscript. Supplementary figures are available. All raw data for the information is available. Search on 4TU Research Data https://doi.org/10.4121/21778979