Phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia annua L. essential oil

Figures & data

Figure 1. Chemical identification of AO by GC-MS. A. Total ion chromatograms of the AO. B. The mass spectrogram of every component. C. Chemical structures of major compounds identified in AO. AO: Artemisia annua L. essential oil; (1): α-Pinene; (2): Camphene; (3): β-Pinene; (4): β- Myrcene; (5): β-Cymene; (6): Eucalyptol; (7): γ-Terpinene; (8): (-)-trans-Pinocarveol; (9): Camphor; (10): Terpine-4-ol; (11): Caryophyllene; (12): Germacrene D; (13): Caryophyllene oxide.

Table 1. Chemical composition of AO identified by GC-MS.

No	Components	Ret Time(min)	k	Area%	CAS No
1	α-Pinene	9.686	19.609	19.08	80-56-8
2	Camphene	10.252	20.813	0.68	72-92-5
3	β-Pinene	11.346	23.140	14.72	127-91-3
4	β- Myrcene	11.868	24.251	0.33	123-35-3
5	β-Cymene	13.287	27.270	0.45	535-77-3
6	Eucalyptol	13.586	27.906	28.62	470-82-6
7	γ-Terpinene	14.769	30.423	0.38	99-85-4
8	(-)-trans-Pinocarveol	18.338	38.017	0.47	547-61-5
9	Camphor	18.599	38.572	1.55	76-22-2
10	Terpine-4-ol	20.056	41.672	0.49	562-74-3
11	Caryophyllene	30.579	64.062	32.16	87-44-5
12	Germacrene D	33.022	69.260	0.47	23986-74-5
13	Caryophyllene oxide	36.966	77.651	0.42	1139-30-6

Note: k = (t_R-t₀)/t₀(t_R= retention time; t₀= dead time)

Figure 2. Cell viability of RAW264.7 exposes to different concentration of AO for 24 h. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3). Con: Control; AO: Artemisia annua L. essential oil.

Figure 3. Effect of AO on NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3).***p < 0.001 vs Con, ^## p < 0.01 vs LPS,^### p < 0.001 vs LPS. Con: Control; AO: Artemisia annua L. essential oil.

Figure 4. Effect of AO on degree of ear swelling in mice induced by xylene. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5).***p < 0.001 vs Con, ^### p < 0.001 vs xylene. Con: Control; AO: Artemisia annua L. essential oil; positive: DSZBC.

Figure 5. Effect of AO on histopathological morphology. A. Representative HE staining; B and C. Statistical quantification of number of macrophages and epidermal thickness. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5). ***p < 0.001 vs Con, ^### p < 0.001 vs xylene. Con: Control; AO: Artemisia annua L. essential oil; positive: DSZBC.

Figure 6. Effect of AO on the level of TNF-α in serum. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5). ***p < 0.001 vs Con, ^### p < 0.001 vs xylene. Con: Control; AO: Artemisia annua L. essential oil; positive: DSZBC.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Mendeley Data at http://doi.org/10.17632/k6j6c2gnkh.1.