Fabrication of nanodiamonds/polyaniline nanocomposite for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the preparation process of the ND-PANI nanocomplex.

Figure 2. TEM image of (a) ND-NH₂ and (b) ND-PANI. (c) HRTEM image of ND-PANI. (d) TG curves of ND-COOH, ND-NH₂, and ND-PANI.

Figure 3. (a) XRD patterns of ND-PANI. (b) FT-IR spectra of ND-NH₂, conventional PANI, and ND-PANI. (c) Hydrodynamic diameter distribution and (d) zeta potential of ND-COOH, ND-NH₂, and ND-PANI.

Figure 4. (a) Hemolysis ratio and hemolysis photographs of ND-PANI with different concentrations. (b) Absorption spectra of ND-PANI, bilirubin, and ND-PANI after bilirubin adsorption (ND-bilirubin). (c) changes in absorbance of bilirubin with different concentrations and (d) the corresponding fitted line plot.

Figure 5. (a) The time-dependent adsorption of bilirubin in PBS solution. (b) Bilirubin removal efficiency with different initial concentrations. (c) The adsorption capacity of bilirubin bovine in BSA solution (40 mg/L).

Figure 6. Kinetic studies of bilirubin adsorption on ND-PANI and the fitted curves by (a) pseudo-first and (b) pseudo-second models. (c) Bilirubin adsorption isotherms by ND-PANI and the curve fitted by Langmuir (dashed line), Freundlich (dotted line), and Liu (solid line) models.

Table 1. Adsorption kinetic parameters of bilirubin by ND-PANI (C₀= 0.1 mg/mL).

Samples	qe (mg/g)	Pseudo-first-order			Pseudo-second-order
		qe,cal,1 (mg/g)	k1 (1/min)	R^2	qe, cal,2 (mg/g)	k2 (g/mg⋅min)	R^2
ND-PANI	947.3	256.8	0.048	0.9830	1282.7	1.289	0.9989

Table 2. Parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich and Liu adsorption isotherm models for bilirubin adsorption on ND-PANI.

Liu				Langmuir			Freundlich
qm (mg/g)	KLiu (L/mg)	n	R^2	qm (mg/g)	KL (L/mg)	R^2	KF (mg/g)(L/mg)^1/n	n	R^2
1293.9	0.299	1.491	0.9900	1908.9	0.145	0.9755	231.34	0.789	0.9820