Organochlorine pesticide residues in warrior swimming crab (Callinectes bellicosus) and assessment of health risk

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study area and sampling points in the NAV complex.

Table 1. Limits of detection, average recovery, and average recovery of fortification samples and coefficient of variation

Organochlorine pesticides	Linearity (r^2)	Detection limit (µg/Kg)	Amount of recovery* (X ±S.D.) (%)		Coefficient of variation (%)
α-HCH	0.982	0.03	82.69	± 51.65	62.47
γ-HCH	0.995	0.03	75.25	± 45.18	60.05
β-HCH	0.998	0.04	84.34	± 58.51	69.38
δ-HCH	0.971	0.03	71.49	± 49.25	68.90
Heptaclor	0.995	0.03	71.80	± 46.90	65.32
Aldrin	0.998	0.02	74.84	± 40.12	53.61
Heptaclor epoxide	0.996	0.02	69.79	± 49.20	70.50
γ-chlordane	0.991	0.03	76.16	± 48.21	63.30
α-chlordane	0.997	0.04	74.36	± 57.66	77.55
Endosulfan I	0.996	0.02	81.37	± 47.03	57.80
4-4’-DDE	0.997	0.04	75.41	± 52.84	70.07
Dieldrin	0.996	0.02	71.24	± 44.63	62.65
Endrin	0.988	0.01	79.31	± 46.82	59.04
4-4’-DDD	0.993	0.02	76.01	± 44.64	58.73
Endosulfan II	0.985	0.01	102.11	± 90.63	88.76
4-4’-DDT	0.988	0.01	82.04	± 50.01	60.95
Endrin aldehide	0.991	0.01	76.79	± 42.05	54.77
Metoxychlor	0.977	0.01	97.70	± 82.57	84.52
Endosulfan sulfate	0.982	0.01	112.59	± 120.75	107.25
Endrin ketone	0.977	0.007	134.41	± 185.94	138.35

*Linearity with six concentration level of 0.025 to 0.8 μL of OCP standard. **Percentage of average recovery with fortification sampling of 0.1 μL OCP standard.

Figure 2. Total (A) and average (B) detected OCP concentrations (mg kg⁻¹) in C. bellicosus from NAV.

Figure 3. Average total OCP concentration detected in the edible tissue of C. bellicosus from NAV. Different letters mean significant differences among periods (p < 0.05).

Figure 4. Total OCP isomer families (A) and average OCP (B) detected concentrations in C. bellicosus from NAV. Different letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05).

Table 2. Average OCP estimated exposure (mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) to the population for consumption of seafood in the world

OCP	This study	Navachiste studies^1	South Corea^2	Australia^3	Vietnam^4	CSF^5	RfD^6
HCH´s			2.1 ×10^−6	0.0001	5.4 ×10^−6
γ-HCH	4 ×10^−10	9 ×10^−9		0.0002	0.9 ×10^−6	1.3	300
δ-HCH	6 ×10^−10
Heptachlor	8 ×10^−10	1.8 ×10^−8		0.0001	2.5 ×10^−7	4.5	5 ×10^−4
Heptachlor epoxide	2 ×10^−10	1.7 ×10^−8				4.5	5 ×10^−4
Chlordane´s			1.3 ×10^−6	0.0033
α-Chlordane	5 ×10^−10	7.5 ×10^−8
γ-Chlordane	2.5 ×10^−9	7.5 ×10^−8
DDTs			0.00027	0.0005	0.00002
4-4’-DDD	5 ×10^−10	1.1 ×10^−8				0.24	1 ×10^4
4-4’-DDE	1 ×10^−10	1.3 ×10^−8				0.34	2 ×10^4
Aldrin	3.1 ×10^−9	1 ×10^−8		0.0037	5.5 ×10^−7	17	3 ×10^−5
Dieldrin	4.1 ×10^−9
Endrin ketone	2.6 ×10^−9
Endosulfan I	2 ×10^−9	5.6 ×10^−8
Endosulfan II	7.2 ×10^−9	5.6 ×10^−8
Metoxichlor	2.5 ×10^−9

¹Granados-Galván et al. (2015); ²Moon et al. (2009); ³Kannan et al. (1994); ⁴Kannan et al. (1992); ⁵USEPA, Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use (); ⁶USEPA (2018)

Figure 5. Estimated average OCP exposure (50 and 95 percentile). (a) OCP carcinogenic; (b) non–carcinogenic; (c) risk for the consumption of edible tissues of C. bellicosus from NAV.

Table 3. Ranges of parent/metabolite (or degradation products) ratios indicative of recent use (>1) and legacy use (<1) of OCPs

OCP parent/metabolite	Ratio	Determination
t-HCH/αHCH
t-HCH/βHCH	7.41	Recent use
t-HCH/γHCH
t-HCH/δHCH
t-DDT/4-4ʹDDT	0.95	Past use
t-DDT/4-4ʹDDD	0.64	Past use
t-DDT/4-4ʹDDE	0.41	Past use
t-chlordane/α-chlordane	5.4	Recent use
t-chlordane/γ-chlordane	1.4	Recent use
t-chlordane/heptachlor	1.05	Recent use
t-endosulfan/α-endosulfan	6.2	Recent use
t-Endrin/	0.3	Past use
Dieldrin/aldrin	0.84	Past use
Dieldrin/aldrin	1.18	Recent use

Table 4. Correlation (r²) among water physicochemical parameters and mean OCP concentrations (mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹) detected in edible tissues of C. bellicosus, from the NAV, Mexico

Water physicochemical parameters	Spring		Summer		Autumn		Winter
	Media ± SD	OCP r^2	Media ± SD	OCP r^2	Media ± SD	OCP r^2	Media ± SD	OCP r^2
Salinity	35.7 ±0.76	0.4 a	33.0 ±1.2	0.3c*	33.8 ±0.8	0.2b	35.6 ±0.4	0.7a
pH	8.0 ±0.09	0.5 a	8.0 ±0.3	0.1a	8.3 ±0.1	0.0b	8.2 ±0.1	0.0a
Conductivity	38.5 ±12	0.2 b	29.7 ±1.2	0.3b	24.9 ±0.1	0.2b	53.5 ±0.6	0.5a
°C	26.4 ±1.8	0.3 b	29.7 ±0.8	−0.2a	24.9 ±0.4	0.3c	19.0 ±0.1	0.7d

Granados-Galván, I. A., Rodríguez-Meza, D. G., Luna-González, A., & González-Ocampo, H. A. (2015). Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in snappers (Lutjanus) fish from the Navachiste Lagoon complex, Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 97(1–2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.018

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Moon, H.-B., Kim, H.-S., Choi, M., Yu, J., & Choi, H.-G. (2009). Human health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides resulting from seafood consumption in South Korea, 2005–2007. Food and Chemical Toxicology: an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 47(8), 1819–1825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.028

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Williams, R. J., & Tatsukawa, R. (1994). Persistant organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands: Contamination levels and human dietary exposure. Science of the Total Environment, 153(1–2), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90099-X

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Quynh, H. T., Hue, N. D., & Tatsukawa, R. (1992). Residue pattern and dietary intake of persistent organochlorine compounds in foodstuffs from Vietnam. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 22(4), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212555

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

USEPA. (2018). Regional Screening Levels (RSLs)–Generic Tables. USA Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls

 Google Scholar

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [HAGO], upon reasonable request.