Implications of land use and land cover change in Mampong municipality, Ghana

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study area.

Figure 2. Classification scheme.

Table 1. Description of land class for classification

Land cover type	General description
Deciduous forest	This class describes all areas that are characterized by sparsely located trees and shrubs.
Forest	Areas dominated by closely knit trees, dense vegetative cover and all vegetated areas that are not exposed to bare soil.
Agriculture/farmland	Lands under annual tillage and, lands that have been cleared for preparation of crop cultivation, and lands that are left untilled, such as fallow lands, are identified as agriculture lands.
Built-ups/urban	Areas demarcated for community service (parks, playing grounds, lorry parks), residential areas, commercial and industrial areas were classified as built-up areas.
Barren lands	Areas exposed to erosion, degradation and open patches land were characterized as barren lands.

Figure 3. False color composition from image.

Figure 4. Plot of NDVI map.

Table 2. Summary of NDVI

NDVI	2006	2013	2020
Minimum	0.12	0.06	0.05
Maximum	0.58	0.49	0.56
Mean	0.43	0.31	0.26
SD	0.05	0.06	0.09

Figure 5. Land use classification map.

Table 3. Area of land cover

Land cover	Area (km^2) 2006	Area (km^2) 2013	Area (km^2) 2020	Percentage change 2006–2020	CGR (%)
Barrenland	74.48	73.63	78.04	4.56	0.24
Urban	116.31	141.79	164.06	29.11	1.88
Farmland	80.19	120.75	129.17	37.92	2.69
Water	42.75	38.14	32.36	−32.11	−1.30
Forest	159.56	143.24	130.03	−22.71	−0.97
Deciduous	91.90	82.35	72.51	−26.74	−1.12
Grassland	117.89	83.18	76.91	−53.28	−1.92
Total	683.08	683.08	683.08

CGR = Compound Growth Rate.

Figure 6. Histogram of change in NDVI.

Table 4. Area changes in land use changes (km²)

Name	Forest	Urban	Barrenland	Deciduous	Grassland	Water	Farmland
Forest	0.00	1.41	0.47	4.25	0.96	0.85	9.04
Barrenland	0	0.29	00.00	0.53	1.38	0.002	1.88
Deciduous	1.01	8.43	1.07	0.00	4.83	0.66	5.72
Grassland	0.36	10.21	0.86	5.09	0.00	0.035	6.61
Water	0.27	7.86	2.58	0.44	0.11	0.00	0.87
Farmland	0	8.21	0.70	2.03	5.23	0.00	0.00

Table 5. Transition matrix of land use dynamics

	Barrenland	Urban	Farmland	Water	Forest	Deciduous	Grassland
Barrenland	0.28	0.39	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.33
Urban	0.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Farmland	0.02	0.10	0.83	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00
Water	0.00	0.20	0.00	0.80	0.00	0.00	0.00
Forest	0.03	0.09	0.23	0.00	0.58	0.00	0.07
Deciduous	0.00	0.12	0.08	0.00	0.02	0.78	0.00
Grassland	0.05	0.10	0.13	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.68

Table 6. Projected land use changes by 2032

Land cover	Area (km^2) 2020	Projected change at 2032	CGR (%)
Barrenland	78.04	60	−0.23
Urban	174.06	204.16	2.33
Farmland	129.17	140.45	1.69
Water	32.36	25.56	−0.128
Forest	130.03	125.57	−0.487
Deciduous	72.51	69	−0.289
Grassland	76.91	58.34	−0.348

Data availability statement

Data used for this work is a public data that was downloaded from GEE. Landsat 5 TM⁺ image period of 2006 and Landsat 8 TOA (top-of-atmosphere) satellite image for the period 2013–2020. Code for data extraction was obtained through the link https://code.earthengine.google.com/. R-codes for data collection, processing and analysis are available on request.