A farm compensation model to reduce the risk of pest spreading: An application for Xylella fastidiosa in Mediterranean agriculture

Figures & data

Table 1. Parameter definitions for each crop.

Parameter	Abbreviation	Definition	Units
Time series		Time series:2010-2014	year
ECOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC PARAMETERS
Cycle		Growth cycle divided into 3 stages: 1) initial stage 2) development stage 3) maximum harvesting stage	years per period
Rotation length	(N)	Fixed rotation length for each crop	years
Crop’s age	(E)	Current crop’s age	years
Irrigation		Different PVs depending on whether crops are rainfed or irrigated (qualitative parameter)	rainfed / irrigated
Planting density	(n)	Number of plants per hectare	plants/ha
Crop management system		Intensive/super-intensive (qualitative parameter)	intensive/ super-intensive
ECONOMIC PARAMETERS
Receipts	C(t)	Annual revenue from harvesting	€/ha
Production – direct costs	DP(t)	Annual cost of production	€/ha
Production – indirect costs	IP(t)	Annual cost of production	€/ha
Farm machinery costs	MP(t)	Production costs	€/ha
Labour costs	LP(t)	Production costs	€/ha
Crop start-up costs	(c)	Planting cost per hectare	€/ha
Discount rate	(r)		%
Maintenance expenses	$E{x}_t^{Mant}$	Expenses to maintain the plot in the demarcated area	€/ha
Expenses due to uprooting and removing infected plants	ExAD	Expenses for uprooting and removing infected plants	€/ha

Source: Authors’ compilation

Figure 1. Diagram of a bootstrap technique application.

Figure 2. Process to calculate the PV of damage to an Orange grove.

Source: Authors. Receipts: C(t), Production – direct costs: DP(t), Production – indirect costs: IP(t), Farm machinery costs: MP(t), Labour costs: LP(t), Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Single Index Model (SIM), Cash flows (CF), Net Present Value (PV), Discount rate (r).

Figure 3. Bootstrap resampling for the receipt parameter C(t) data of an Orange crop.

Table 2. Discount rate.

CROP	CAPM	SIM	ROI
Orange trees	5.64%	3.58%	2.91%	2.27%	1.31%	5.72%	2.96%
Irrigated olives	5.64%	2.91%	4.59%	5.67%	6.43%	6.39%
Rainfed olives	5.64%	3.62%	−1.11%	4.89%	−0.34%	−0.29%	−1.09%
Irrigated grapevines	5.64%	2.38%	3.63%	2.78%	5.79%	5.92%	3.79%
Rainfed grapevines	5.64%	3.54%	4.01%	6.51%	10.20%	11.61%	3.41%

Source: Authors’ compilation

Table 3. Results of the value of crops by age group of the plantation per hectare (EUR/ha).

Crop	Age groups	Value (Euros)
Citrus	1-2 years	7,335
	3-4 years	13,417
	5-18 years	19,392
	19-27 years	13,417
	> 27 years	7,335
Irrigated vineyard	1 – 2 years	13,448
	3 – 33 years	18,587
	34 – 49 years	13,448
	> 50 years	6,639
Rainfed vineyard	1 – 2 years	3,561
	3 – 5 years	5,631
	6 – 38 years	7,136
	39 – 51 years	5,631
	> 52 years	3,561
Irrigated olives	1 year	7,320
	2 years	10,890
	3 – 48 years	13,742
	49 – 64 years	10,890
	> 65 years	7,320
Rainfed olives	1 year	4,081
	2 years	5,223
	3 – 47 years	6,231
	48 – 77 years	5,223
	> 78 years	4,081

Simulation values are in grey, adjusted values in blue, and interval values in black.