Figures & data
Table 1. Characteristics of available evidence on autophagic responses to exercise in humans.
Figure 1. The effect of exercise modality on the levels of LC3-II in humans following exercise. (A): Acute bout of moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (B): Acute bout of vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (C): Acute bout of resistance exercise. (D): Long-term moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (E): Long-term vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (F): Long-term resistance exercise. CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.
![Figure 1. The effect of exercise modality on the levels of LC3-II in humans following exercise. (A): Acute bout of moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (B): Acute bout of vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (C): Acute bout of resistance exercise. (D): Long-term moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (E): Long-term vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (F): Long-term resistance exercise. CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.](/cms/asset/922b8c4b-9173-42d2-aa6c-e318bb6eaef8/kauo_a_2190202_f0001_oc.jpg)
Figure 2. The effect of exercise modality on the levels of SQSTM1 in humans following exercise. (A): Acute bout of moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (B): Acute bout of vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (C): Acute bout of resistance exercise. (D): Long-term moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (E): Long-term vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (F): Long-term resistance exercise. CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.
![Figure 2. The effect of exercise modality on the levels of SQSTM1 in humans following exercise. (A): Acute bout of moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (B): Acute bout of vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (C): Acute bout of resistance exercise. (D): Long-term moderate-intensity endurance exercise. (E): Long-term vigorous-intensity endurance exercise. (F): Long-term resistance exercise. CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.](/cms/asset/0c352f81-836e-4c4f-b0c2-a4918b4aadb0/kauo_a_2190202_f0002_oc.jpg)
Figure 3. The effect of tissue type on the levels of LC3-II in humans following exercise. (A): Skeletal muscles. (B): Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (C): The effect of resistance exercise on LC3-II levels in skeletal muscles. CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.
![Figure 3. The effect of tissue type on the levels of LC3-II in humans following exercise. (A): Skeletal muscles. (B): Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (C): The effect of resistance exercise on LC3-II levels in skeletal muscles. CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.](/cms/asset/66a5964e-9e8f-4cf3-b38a-2fdc3e06ac63/kauo_a_2190202_f0003_oc.jpg)
Figure 4. The effect of tissue type on the levels of SQSTM1 in humans following exercise. (A): Skeletal muscles. (B): Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.
![Figure 4. The effect of tissue type on the levels of SQSTM1 in humans following exercise. (A): Skeletal muscles. (B): Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.](/cms/asset/530a435d-58b0-4856-9007-61b711d59b82/kauo_a_2190202_f0004_oc.jpg)
Figure 5. The effect of exercise on the levels of ULK1, ATG12, and BECN1 in humans. (A): Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1)S317. (B): ULK1S555. (C): ULK1S757. (D): Autophagy-related gene (ATG)12. (E): Beclin1 (BECN1). CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.
![Figure 5. The effect of exercise on the levels of ULK1, ATG12, and BECN1 in humans. (A): Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1)S317. (B): ULK1S555. (C): ULK1S757. (D): Autophagy-related gene (ATG)12. (E): Beclin1 (BECN1). CI: Confidence interval; MD: mean difference.](/cms/asset/e6c598fd-9ebb-4b8e-8fd5-3088988e1969/kauo_a_2190202_f0005_oc.jpg)