Growth and Enzyme Application of Garlic Enriched With Zinc and Natural Magnesium

Figures & data

Figure 1. Mg-Si-O rock and powder.

Figure 2. Raw powder and composition analysis.

Figure 3. Morphological characteristics of the powders: (a) Mg-Si-O, (b) Mg-Si-Zn-O-MW, (c) Mg-Si-Zn-O-HT.

Figure 4. Sintered powder and composition analysis.

Table 1. Ion release rates of the raw, microwaved, and sintered powders (water temperature: 60 °C).

mg/L	Mg-Si-O	Mg-Si-Zn-O-MW	Mg-Si-Zn-O-HT
Mg ion	82.88	111.52	137.28
Zn ion	N/A	32.16	28.01

Table 2. Specific surface area (SSA) of the raw, microwaved, and sintered powders.

SSA	Mg-Si-O	Mg-Si-Zn-O-MW	Mg-Si-Zn-O-HT
m^2/g	44.03	60.74	68.19

Figure 5. XRD data of the different powders.

Figure 6. FTIR data of the 3 powders: (a) Mg-Si-O, (b) Mg-Si-Zn-O-MW, (c) Mg-Si-Zn-O-HT, (d) overlapped.

Figure 7. Raman spectroscopy results: (a) Mg-Si-O, (b) Mg-Si-Zn-O-MW, (c) Mg-Si-Zn-O-HT.

Figure 8. PL spectroscopy results: (a) Mg-Si-O, (b) Mg-Si-Zn-O-MW, (c) Mg- Si-Zn-O-HT, (d) overlapped (325–750nm).

Table 3. Organic soil composition analysis (by ICP) and pH values.

	Na	P	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Zn	Mn	pH
mg/g	12.8	12.7	129.0	121.2	0.4	1.2	0.0	0.1	7.3

Figure 9. Fresh garlic cloves (left: unenriched garlic, right: enriched garlic). (a) Unprocessed and (b) after peeling.

Table 4. Magnesium and zinc ion concentration and composition of the garlic extracts.

	Mg ion (mg/L)	Zn ion (mg/L)	Garlic glands (mg/g)	Sulfide (mg/g)	Moisture content (%)
Enriched wet garlic	32.61	15.07	13.20	9.08	43.25
Unenriched wet garlic	2.68	0	10.09	7.81	42.94
Enriched dry garlic	41.08	10.72	11.24	8.79	25.80
Unenriched dry garlic	0.42	0	5.28	6.25	24.11

Figure 10. Chopped fresh garlic. (a) Unenriched and (b) enriched garlic.

Figure 11. Garlic fermentation (left: unenriched garlic, right: enriched garlic).

Figure 12. Filtered garlic fermentation solution and remaining garlic cloves (left: unenriched garlic, right: enriched garlic.

Table 5. Enzyme activity and concentration analysis.

	Alliinase (GDU)	Esterase (GDU)	Oxidase (GDU/g)
Enriched enzyme	>8 × 10^6	>1.2 × 10^5	>1 × 10^5
Unenriched enzyme	>1 × 10^6	>1.0 × 10^5	>1 × 10^5