Prevalence of traditional eye medicine use and its associated factors among adult ophthalmic patients in Gondar region of Ethiopia in 2020

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of the prevalence of TEM use in study participants among adult ophthalmic patients attending UoGCSH-CECTC, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020 (N = 502)

Variables	Traditional eye medicine use
	Yes (22.3 %) Total = 112	No (77.7 %) Total = 390
Age in years
18–27	15 (13.4%)	115 (29.5%)
28–36	18 (16.1%)	101 (25.9%)
37–55	41 (36.6%)	102 (26.1%)
56–90	38 (33.9%)	72 (18.5%)
Sex
Male	59 (52.7%)	240 (61.5%)
Female	53 (47.3%)	150 (38.5%)
Residence
Urban	27 (24.1%)	340 (87.2%)
Rural	85 (75.9%)	50 (12.8%)
Marital status
Unmarried	52(46.4%)	178(45.6%)
Married	60 (53.6%)	212 (54.4%)
Educational status
No formal education	45 (40.2%)	87 (22.3%)
Religious Education	7 (6.2%)	10 (2.6%)
Primary school	30 (26.8%)	60 (15.4%)
Secondary school	13 (11.6%)	123 (31.5%)
College/university	17 (15.2%)	110 (28.2%)
Religion
Christian	98 (87.5%)	343 (87.9%)
Muslim	14 (12.5%)	47 (12.1%)
Occupation
Government	12 (10.7%)	97 (24.9%)
Private	21 (18.8%)	99 (25.4%)
Housewife	28 (25.0%)	50 (12.8%)
Farmer	25 (22.3%)	52 (13.3%)
Student	13 (11.6%)	57 (14.6%)
Other	13 (11.6%)	35 (9.0%)
Average family monthly income in Ethiopian Birr
300–1,500	64 (57.1%)	63 (16.2%)
1,501–3,200	21 (18.8%)	105 (26.9%)
3,201–5,000	17 (15.2%)	110 (28.2%)
5,001–28,000	10 (8.9%)	112 (28.7%)
Leadership role
Has role	17 (15.2%)	67 (17.2%)
No role	95 (84.8%)	323 (82.8%)
Family history of TEM use
Yes	82 (73.2%)	80 (20.5%)
No	30 (26.8%)	310 (79.5%)
Availability of TH
Available	61 (54.5%)	70 (17.9%)
Not available	51 (45.5%)	320 (82.1%)
Health insurance
Has	35 (31.2%)	83 (21.3%)
No	77 (68.8%)	307 (78.7%)
History of MEM use
Yes	82 (73.2%)	258 (66.2%)
No	30 (26.8%)	132 (33.8%)
Distance from ECC in hr.(single trip)
0.03–0.33	18 (16.1%)	112 (28.7%)
0.34–0.75	13 (11.6%)	106 (27.2%)
0.76–3	43 (38.4%)	124 (31.8%)
3.1–29	38 (33.9%)	48 (12.3%)
Time of presentation in weeks
0–6	18 (16.1%)	230 (59.0%)
6.1–24	41 (36.6%)	88 (22.6%)
24.1–60	53 (47.3%)	72 (18.5%)
Knowledge
Good	61 (54.5%)	260 (66.7%)
Poor	51 (45.5%)	178 (33.3%)
Attitude
Good	80 (71.4%)	149 (38.2%)
Poor	32 (28.6%)	241 (61.8%)
Awareness
Aware	67 (59.8%)	179 (45.9%)
Not aware	45 (40.2%)	211 (54.1%)

N: total sample size, ECC: eye care center, hr.: hour, #: Number

Role: religious/social/ or any organizational leader or had any position

Figure 1. The types of TEM used by the study participants among adult ophthalmic patients attending UoGCSH-CECTC, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Figure 2. The types of the eye problems that the TEM was used for by the study participants among adult ophthalmic patients attending UoGCSH-CECTC, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Figure 3. The person who delivered the TEM for the participants with a history of use, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Table 2. Factors associated with traditional eye medicine use by study participants among adult ophthalmic patients attending UoGCSH-CECTC, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020 (TEM users = 112)

Variable	n	TEM use (N=502)=100%		COR(95%CI)	AOR(95%CI)	p-value
		Yes=112 (22.3%)	No=390 (77.7%)
Age in years
18-27	n=130	15 (11.5%)	115 (88.5%)	1	1
28-36	n=119	18 (15.1%)	101 (84.9%)	1.36 (0.65-2.85)	1.73 (0.40-7.46)	0.458
37-55	n=143	41 (26.7%)	102 (71.3%)	3.08 (1.61-5.89) *	2.26 (0.53-9.67)	0.268
56-90	n=110	38 (34.5%)	72 (65.5%)	4.04 (2.07-7.87) **	2.34(0.47-11.67)	0.299
Sex
Male	n=299	59 (52.7%)	240 (61.5%)	1	1
Female	n=203	53 (26.1%)	150 (73.9%)	1.43 (0.94-2.19)	2.26 (0.81-6.28)	0.118
Residence
Urban	n=367	27 (7.4%)	340 (92.6%)	1	1
Rural	n=135	85 (63%)	50 (37.0%)	21.40 (12.66-36.18) **	24.96(10.43-59.71)**	0.000
Marital status
Unmarried	n=230	52 (22.6%)	178 (77.4%)	1.03 (0.67-1.57)
Married	n=262	60 (22.9%)	212 (77.1%)	1
Educational status
No formal education	n=132	45 (34.1%)	87 (65.9%)	3.34 (1.79-6.25) **	0.59 (0.11-3.16)	0.538
Religious education	n=17	7 (41.2%)	10 (58.8%)	4.52 (1.51-13.50) *	1.99(0.13-29.75)	0.617
Primary school	n=90	30 (33.3%)	60 (66.6%)	3.23 (1.65-6.34) *	1.67 (0.39-7.15)	0.488
Secondary school	n=136	13 (9.6%	123 (90.4%)	0.68 (0.31-1.47)	0.91 (0.22-3.73)	0.896
College/university	n=127	17 (13.4%)	110 (86.6%)	1	1
Religion
Christian	n=441	98 (22.2%)	343 (77.8%)	1
Muslim	n=61	14 (23.0%)	47 (77%)	1.04 (0.55-1.97)
Occupation
Government	n=109	12 (11.0%)	97 (89.0%)	1	1
Private	n=120	21 (17.5%)	99 (82.5%)	1.71 (0.80-3.67)	2.32(0.52-10.29)	0.267
Housewife	n=78	28 (35.9%)	50 (64.1%)	4.52 (2.12-9.65) **	0.53 (0.08-3.36)	0.506
Farmer	n=77	25 (32.5%)	52 (67.5%)	3.88 (1.80-8.36) *	0.17 (0.02-1.07)	0.059
Student	n=70	13 (18.6%)	57 (81.4%)	1.84 (0.78-4.31)	3.18(0.57-17.75)	0.186
Other	n=48	13 (27.1%)	35 (72.9%)	3.00 (1.25-7.20)	0.31 (0.04-2.53)	0.278
Average family monthly income in ETB
300-1,500	n=127	64 (50.4%)	63 (49.6%)	11.37 (5.45-23.71) **	6.57(1.88-22.98)*0.003
1,501-3,200	n=126	21(16.7%)	105 (83.3%)	2.24 (1.00-4.97) *	0.61 (0.17-2.24)	0.465
3,201-5,000	n=127	17 (13.4%)	110 (86.6%)	1.73 (0.75-3.94)	0.99 (0.28-3.49)	0.998
5,001-28,000	n=122	10 (8.2%)	112 (91.8%)	1	1
Leadership role
Has role	n=84	17 (20.2%)	67 (79.8%)	1
No role	n=418	95 (22.7%)	323 (77.3%)	1.15 (0.64-2.06)
Family history of TEM use
Yes	n=162	82 (50.6%)	80 (49.4%)	10.59 (6.52-17.20) **	11.11(4.8325.56)**	0.00
No	n=340	30 (8.8%)	310 (91.2%)	1	1
Availability of TH
Available	n=131	61 (46.6%)	70 (53.4%)	5.46 (3.47-8.60) **	3.72 (1.61-8.60)*	0.002
Not available	n=371	51 (13.7%)	320 (86.3%)	1	1
Health insurance
Has	n=118	35 (29.7%)	83 (70.3%)	1.68 (1.05-2.68)
No	n=384	77 (20.1%)	307 (79.9%)	1
History of MEM use
Yes	n=340	82 (24.1%)	258 (75.9%)	1.39 (0.87-2.23)	1.59 (0.65-3.87)	0.299
No	n=162	30 (18.5%)	132 (81.5%)	1	1
Distance from ECC in hr.(single trip)
0.03-0.33	n=130	18 (13.8%)	112 (86.2%)	1	1
0.34-0.75	n=119	13 (10.9%)	106 (89.1%)	0.76 (0.35-1.63)	0.36 (0.10-1.28)	0.117
0.76-3	n=167	43 (25.7%)	124 (74.3%)	2.15 (1.17-3.95) *	0.53 (0.17-1.61)	0.296
3.1-29	n=86	38 (44.2%)	48 (55.8%)	4.92 (2.55-9.48) **	0.96 (0.27-3.35)	0.951
Time of presentation in weeks
0-6	n=248	18 (7.3%)	230 (92.7%)	1	1
6.1-24	n=129	41 (31.8%)	88 (68.2%)	5.95 (3.24-10.91) **	4.98(1.87-13.28)*	0.001
24.1-60	n=125	53 (42.4%)	72 (57.6%)	9.40 (5.18-17.08) **	8.46(3.02-23.68)**	0.00
Knowledge
Good	n=321	61(19.0%)	260 (81.0%)	1	1
Poor	n=229	51(22.3%)	178 (77.7%)	1.67 (1.09-2.56) *	1.46 (0.55-3.88)	0.440
Attitude
Good	n=229	80 (34.9%)	149 (65.1%)	4.04 (2.55-6.39) **	1.67 (0.71-3.90)	0.236
Poor	n=273	32 (11.7%)	241 (88.3%)	1	1
Awareness
Aware	n=246	67 (27.2%)	179 (72.8%)	1.75 (1.14-2.69)*	2.16 (0.94-4.98)	0.069
Not aware	n=256	45 (17.6%)	211 (82.4%)	1

n: number of samples in each stratum(sub category of each variables), *: P- value <0.05, **: P-value <0.001, ECC: eye care center, hr.: hour, #: Number

The horizontal (row) sum of each percentage is equal to 100%

COR = crude odds ratio, AOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval

Attitude: there were attitude questions and scores based on the mean. If above the mean, it is considered good. In the same way, knowledge.