Access time and complications in central venous catheter insertion in patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital: A prospective cohort

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of participants and an indication of CVC insertion in UCT and LCT groups

Indicators	UCT (Exposed) n=132	LCT (Unexposed) n=120	p-value
Demographics of study participants
Age a	52.64 ± 12.3 years	53.26 ± 12.3 years	0.06
Gender: ^b
1) Male	64 (48.4%)	73 (60.8%)	0.12
2) Female	68 (51.5%)	47 (39.1%)	0.08
Body mass index (kg/m)^a	24.7 ± 5.3	23.1 ± 5.9	0.08
Prior catheterisation/	32 (24.2%)	26 (21.6%)	0.12
Intubation ^b	52 (39.3%)	41 (34.1%)	0.07
Hypotension (BP <90 mmhg) ^b	111 (84.0%)	105 (87.5%)	1.00
Reason for insertion:^b
1) Delivery of inotropes	50 (37.8%)	39 (32.5%)	0.31
2) Hemodynamic monitoring	22 (16.6%)	16 (13.3%)	0.09
3) Delivery of fluids	58 (43.9%)	60 (50%)	1.00
4) Difficult peripheral access	2 (1.5%)	5 (4.1%)	0.90

Note: ^aValues are represented as Mean ± Standard Deviation, ^bValues are represented as total number (percentage)

Table 2. Indicators of UCT versus LCT techniques

Indicators	Procedure Type			95% CI
	UCT, n = 132	LCT, n = 120	Difference (UCT-LCT)
Access Time (in seconds)^a	21.9 ± 8.1	29.9 ± 9.2	−8	−4.2 to −11.7
No. of Attempt^a	1.4 (0.6)	1.8 (Mittal & Coopersmith, 2014)	−0.4	−0.1 to 2.3
No. of arterial pricks^a	10 (7.6)	36 (30)	−26	−8 to −42
Total Procedure Time (in minutes)^a	32.2 (11.4)	22.7 (10.3)	9.5	8.1 to 56.2
Successful first attempt^b	82 (62.1%)	68 (56.7%)	5.4%	3.8% to 18.2%
Failure of attempts^b	10 (7.5%)	19 (15.8%)	−8.3%	−2.3% to −19.6
Overall complication rate^c	6 (4.5%)	14 (11.7%)	−7.2%	−3.3% to −11.7%

Note: ^aValues are represented as Mean ± Standard Deviation, ^bValues are represented as a total number (percentage)

Table 3. Procedural complications in UCT and LCT techniques

Indicators	UCT, n=132 n (%)	LCT, n=120 n (%)
Malposition	0 (0.0)	5 (4.2%)^a
Pneumothorax	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Hemothorax	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Insertion site hematoma	5 (3.8%)	9 (7.5%)^a
Mortality	1 (0.75%)	0 (0.0)

Note: ^ap<0.005 by using Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test

Mittal, R., & Coopersmith, C. M. (2014). Central venous catheter insertion in septic patients admitted from the emergency department: It’s all in the timing. Critical Care Medicine, 42(3), 735. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000435693.15963.60

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar