Effects of arts on prescription for persons with common mental disorders and/or musculoskeletal pain: A controlled study with 12 months follow-up

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of participants (n) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, who responded to HADS and SCI-93- at baseline and after 6 and/or 12 months

Answered occasions	Intervention group (n)		Control group (n)
	HADS	SCI-93	HADS	SCI-93
Baseline, 6, & 12 months	175	131	192	159
Only baseline & 6 months	35	46	7	10
Only baseline & 12 months	37	39	33	34
Total	247	216	232	203

Table 2. Characteristics of the study population. Presented in descriptive statistic n (%), and difference between intervention- and control group at baseline (p-value)

Study population at baseline	Intervention group n = 247	Control group n = 232	p
Age (y) Mean (SD)	46 (1.7)	44 (12.8)	.06
Age categories n (%)			.003
18–24 y	7 (3)	11 (5)
25–44 y	88 (36)	110 (47)
45–66 y	152 (61)	111 (48)
Education n (%)			.02
Compulsory school	30 (12)	25 (11)
Upper secondary school	137 (56)	116 (50)
University/university college	75 (30)	88 (38)
Missing	5 (2)	3 (1)
Gender n (%)			<.001
Woman	227 (92)	176 (76)
Man	20 (8)	56 (24)
Worried about finances			<.001
Yes (Yes often/Yes rather often)	163 (66)	116 (50)
No (No, seldom/No, never)	76 (31)	112 (48)
Missing	8 (3)	4 (2)
CMC Mean (SD)
Stress	68.4 (25.7)	54.1 (27.9)	<.001
Anxiety	11.8 (4.6)	10,5 (5.0)	.04
Depression	9.4 (4.0)	7.6 (4.6)	<.001

Table 3. Mean scores for stress, anxiety and depression in intervention and control group, at baseline and follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Presented in mean, confidence interval (CI), p-value (p) and effect size partial eta squared b (ŋ). Table also present between group measure. Presented in p and effect size ŋ. Results are age and gender standardized

	Within groups difference				Between group difference
	Intervention group			Control group
	Mean (CI)	p	ŋ ^b	Mean (CI)	p	ŋ	p	ŋ
Stress		<.001	.16*		<.001	.09	.15	.005
Baseline	68.5 (76.0 ± 70.0)			54.5 (52.9 ± 56.0)
6 months	61.6 (59.8 ± 63.4)			49.4 (47.7 ± 51.2)
12 months	58.5 (56.8 ± 60.3)			47.7 (46.1 ± 49.3)
Anxiety		<.001	.20*		<.001	.12	.24	.003
Baseline	11.8 (11.5 ± 12.1)			10.5 (10.2 ± 10.9)
6 months	10.0 (9.6 ± 10.3)			9.0 (8.7 ± 9.4)
12 months	9.6 (9.3 ± 10.0)			8.9 (8.6 ± 9.2)
Depression		<.001	.19*		<.001	.09	.03	.008
Baseline	9.4 (9.1 ± 9.8)			7.6 (7.3 ± 7.9)
6 months	7.4 (7.1 ± 7.8)			6.3 (5.9 ± 6.7)
12 months	7.3 (6.9 ± 7.7)			6.3 (5.9 ± 6.6)

^bPartial ŋ=.01 indicates a small effect, partial ŋ=.06 indicates a medium effect and a partial ŋ=.14 indicates a large effect*

Table 4. Distribution and difference in mean score for stress, anxiety, and depression at baseline, distributed for level of education and concerns about finances. Results are age and gender standardized

	Compulsory school	Upper secondary school	University/College
	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	P
Stress	63.4 (4.8)	57.3 (3.6)	50.4 (3.9)	0.07
Anxiety	12.4 (0.8)	11.0 (0.6)	11.0 (0.6)	0.13
Depression	8.3 (0.7)	7.9 (0.5)	7.2 (0.6)	0.16
	Worried about finances “Yes”		Worriedabout finances “No”
	Mean (SE)		Mean (SE)	p
Stress	65.3 (3.3)		44.8 (3.4)	<.001
Anxiety	13.0 (0.5)		9.3 (0.5)	<.001
Depression	9.1 (0.5)		6.2 (0.5)	<.001