Exploring the barriers and facilitators to making healthy physical activity lifestyle choices among UK BAME adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of qualitative study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demonstrates SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research Type) and for the selection of research key terms used in the study.

Sample	Adult (BAME, BME, Black, Blacks, Ethnic Minority, Asian, Asians, Indian, Indians, Pakistan, Pakistani, Bangladesh, Bangladeshi, African, Africans, Black African, Afro-Caribbean, African-Caribbean)
Phenomenon of interest	physical activity, exercise, walking, running, cycling, swimming, sports, sedentary, sitting, screen time, health lifestyle, lifestyle choice during COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, lockdown, Isolation, stay at home order, Quarantine
Design	phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative analysis, case study
Evaluation	barrier, obstacle, constraint, challenge, difficult, issue, problem, inhibitor, facilitators, enabler
Research type	Qualitative, interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, observations, unstructured interviews

Table 2. Demonstrates keywords and synonyms using SPIDER tool.

Sample	Adult (BAME, BME, Black, Blacks, Ethnic Minority, Asian, Asians, Indian, Indians, Pakistan, Pakistani, Bangladesh, Bangladeshi, African, Africans, Black African, Afro-Caribbean, African-Caribbean)
Phenomenon of interest	physical activity, exercise, walking, running, cycling, swimming, sports, sedentary, sitting, ‘screen time’, health lifestyle, lifestyle choice during COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, lockdown, Isolation, stay at home order, Quarantine
Design	phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative analysis, case study
Evaluation	barrier, obstacle, constraint, challenge, difficult, issue, problem, inhibitor, facilitators, enabler
Research type	Qualitative studies, interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, observations, unstructured interviews

Table 3. Demonstrates keywords and synonyms combined using Boolean operators.

Element	Keywords & synonyms	Search combination
Sample	Adult (BAME, BME, black, blacks, ethnic minority, Asian, Asians, indian, Indians, Pakistan, Pakistani, bangladesh, Bangladeshi, african, africans, black african, afro-caribbean, african-caribbean)	BAME OR BME OR Black OR Blacks OR "Ethnic minority" OR Asian OR Asians or Indian or Indians OR Pakistan OR Pakistani OR Bangladesh OR Bangladeshi or African or Africans OR Black African OR Afro-Caribbean OR African-Caribbean (Search string S)
Phenomenon of interest	Physical activity, exercise, walking, running, cycling, swimming, sports, sedentary, sitting, screen time, health lifestyle, lifestyle choice	“Physical activity" OR exercise OR walking or running OR cycling OR swimming OR sports or sedentary OR sitting OR "screen time" OR "healthy lifestyle" OR "healthy lifestyle" or "lifestyle choice*" OR "lifestyle choice*" COVID-19 or pandemic or SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus OR lockdown OR isolation OR stay at home order OR quarantine (Search string P)
Design	Semi-structured interviews	phenomenology OR ethnography OR grounded theory OR “narrative analysis” OR “case study” (Search string D)
Evaluation	Barrier, obstacle, constraint, challenge, difficult, issue, problem, inhibitor, facilitators, barrier, enabler, inhibitor, obstacle, constraint, challenge, difficult, issue, problem	barrier* OR obstacle* OR constraint* OR challenge* OR difficult* OR issue* or problem* OR inhibitor* facilitator* OR motivator* OR enabler* OR opportuni*(Search string E)
Research type	Qualitative studies during COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, lockdown, isolation, stay at home order, quarantine	Qualitative studies OR semi-structured interviews OR focus groups OR unstructured interviews OR observations (Search string R)
	Specificity search	S AND P AND D AND E AND R
	Search limits	English Language, 2019–2021

Table 4. Demonstrating inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion	Exclusion
Papers published in English language
Peer reviewed primary qualitative papers only	Quantitative studies, systematic reviews
BAME adults aged 18 years and above
United Kingdom population only
Qualitative papers published between 2019–2021	Qualitative Papers before 2019 and after 2021
Full text papers only	Abstracts, conferences, editorials, commentaries
Papers that focus on physical activity engagement or participation only

Figure 1. PRISMA flowchart presents the flow of studies through searching and screening for inclusion.