Progression of Renal Disease Measured by the Reciprocal of Serum Creatinine

Figures & data

Table 1. Progression of renal failure according to sex and diagnosis

Factor	Number of patients (%)	Reciprocal of serum creatinine mean (S.D.)			Decrease in the reciprocal of serum creatinine in the last 2 years mean (S.D.)
		2 years	1 year	Dialysis	Absolute	% of initial value
Sex
Male	33 (63.5)	0.28 (0.08)	0.21 (0.06)	0.16 (0.07)	0.12 (0.11)	35.22 (33.60)
Female	19 (36.5)	0.32 (0.14)	0.23 (0.09)	0.17 (0.06)	0.14 (0.14)	31.17 (27.98)
Type of nephropathy
Diabetes	14 (26.9)	0.33 (0.13)	0.25 (0.10)	0.19 (0.08)	0.14 (0.17)	28.63 (38.03)
Nephroangiosclerosis	11 (21.2)	0.33 (0.12)	0.21 (0.05)	0.16 (0.07)	0.17 (0.15)	46.29 (31.77)
Glomerulonephritis	7 (13.5)	0.22 (0.04)	0.19 (0.03)	0.16 (0.08)	0.06 (0.11)	22.27 (37.61)
Interstitial nephritis	3 (5.8)	0.20 (0.03)	0.14 (0.03)	0.13 (0.02)	0.07 (0.04)	29.63 (15.23)
Renal polycystosis	5 (9.6)	0.28 (0.07)	0.16 (0.02)	0.16 (0.05)	0.12 (0.10)	30.79 (34.92)
Wegener	1 (1.9)	0.32	0.36	0.18	0.14	15.48
Unknown cause of kidney disease	11 (21.2)	0.30 (0.07)	0.22 (0.04)	0.16 (0.06)	0.13 (0.07)	39.13 (19.77)

S.D.: Standard deviation.

Table 2. Baseline values and mean values for 2 years of the biochemical parameters

	Baseline value	Mean value/2 years
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	154.4 (25.29)	149.43 (16.27)a
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	88.48 (14.33)	85.94 (8.06)a
Urea (mg/dL)	132.14 (54.50)	199.83 (41.66)b
Uric acid (mg/dL)	7.98 (2.09)	7.70 (1.64)
Na (mEq/L)	138.52 (4.36)	138.54 (3.00)
K (mEq/L)	4.91 (0.59)	5.00 (0.55)
Bicarbonate (mEq/L)	23.81 (4.97)	23.25 (4.99)
Ca (mg/dL)	8.63 (0.94)	8.59 (0.98)
P (mg/dL)	4.82 (0.96)	5.48 (0.89)b
Haematocrit (%)	34.50 (5.06)	30.69 (3.56)b
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	11.31 (2.04)	10.14 (1.30)b
Iron (mg/dL)	62.80 (22.96)	62.53 (20.45)
Leukocytes	7525.00 (1760.54)	7247.73 (1584.30)a
Platelets	207553.00 (9175.04)	209396.12 (5993.80)
Total proteins (g/dL)	6.76 (0.77)	6.72 (0.73)
Albumin (mg/dL)	4.14 (0.66)	4.05 (0.57)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	230.78 (52.71)	215.38 (47.03)b
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	184.22 (91.65)	165.28 (76.05)a
HDL (mg/dL)	47.56 (17.66)	52.94 (24.06)
LDL (mg/dL)	168.90 (33.27)	164.22 (29.60)
Glucose (mg/L)	114.24 (33.44)	113.06 (38.00)
Proteinuria (g/24 h)	3.39 (2.96)	3.50 (3.50)

^aSignificant difference (p<0.05).

^bSignificant difference (p<0.001).

Table 3. Correlation coefficient of the decrease in the reciprocal of serum creatinine with baseline values and mean values for 2 years of the biochemical parameters

	Pearson correlation coefficient
	Baseline values	Mean value during the 2 previous years
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.103	0.250
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.111	0.192
Urea (mg/dL)	−0.385a	−0.365a
Uric acid (mg/dL)	−0.055	−0.197
Na (mEq/L)	−0.032	−0.054
K (mEq/L)	−0.007	0.151
Bicarbonate (mEq/L)	−0.088	−0.166
Ca (mg/dL)	−0.198	−0.146
P (mg/dL)	0.011	−0.185
Haematocrit (%)	−0.038	−0.166
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	−0.124	−0.101
Iron (mg/dL)	0.098	0.050
Leukocytes	−0.175	−0.236
Platelets	0.069	−0.029
Total proteins (g/dL)	−0.035	−0.202
Albumin (mg/dL)	−0.287a	−0.330a
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.122	0.283a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	−0.125	−0.139
HDL (mg/dL)	0.081	0.102
LDL (mg/dL)	0.676a	0.423
Glucose (mg/L)	−0.014	0.161
Proteinuria (g/24 h)	0.167	0.241

^aCorrelation coefficient significance p<0.05.

Table 4. Multiple regression model adjusted to fit the baseline or mean values of certain factors related to progression

	B	S.E.	95% C.I. (B)	p
Baseline values
Urea	−0.0007	0.001	(−1.377, 0.898)	0.487
Albumin	−0.0037	0.062	(−0.003, 0.002)	0.954
LDL	0.0029	0.002	−0.156, 0.149)	0.141
Mean values/2 years
Urea	−0.0010	0.000	(0.067, 0.807)	0.012
Albumin	−0.0472	0.032	(−0.002, 0.000)	0.141
Cholesterol	0.0004	0.000	(0.000, 0.001)	0.277

B = Regression coefficient.

S.E. = Standard error.

C.I. = Confidence interval.

Table 5. Decrease in the reciprocal of serum creatinine during the 2 years prior to dialysis according to the combination of different parameters

	Albumin		Diastolic blood pressure		Hemoglobin		Proteinuria
	<3.5 Mean (S.D.)	>= 3.5 Mean (S.D.)	<90 Mean (S.D.)	>= 90 Mean (S.D.)	<11 Mean (S.D.)	>= 11 Mean (S.D.)	<3 Mean (S.D.)	>= 3 Mean (S.D.)
Diastolic pressure
<90	0.29 (0.09)	0.10 (0.12)
>= 90	0.26 (0.22)	0.15 (0.05)a
Hemoglobin
<11	0.24 (0.13)	0.12 (0.11)	0.13 (0.14)	0.14 (0.07)
>= 11		0.12 (0.11)	0.07 (0.13)	0.13 (0.07)
Proteinuria
<3	0.28	0.10 (0.08)	0.09 (0.10)	0.15 (0.05)	0.11 (0.09)	0.14 (0.06)
>= 3	0.27 (0.17)	0.13 (0.14)a	0.15 (0.16)	0.17 (0.15)	0.17 (0.15)	0.10 (0.11)
Cholesterol
<220	0.19	0.12 (0.11)	0.11 (0.13)	0.13 (0.06)	0.13 (0.12)	0.10 (0.10)	0.11 (0.07)	0.14 (0.15)
>= 220	0.29 (0.17)	0.10 (0.10)a	0.12 (0.14)	0.21 (0.14)	0.15 (0.13)	0.18 (0.11)	0.13 (0.13)	0.18 (0.16)

S.D.: Standard deviation.

^aSignificant differences (p<0.05).