Nighttime Blood Pressure Fall in Renal Disease Patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Causes of nephropathy

Glomerulonephritis	22
Interstitial nephritis	44
Cystic disease	10
Diabetic nephropathy	11
Vascular nephropathy	32
Other/unknown	18

Table 2. All renal disease patients

Group	24 h SBP	24 h DBP	SBP fall	DBP fall
Renal disease	133.9 ± 18.8	81.7 ± 12.7	5.8 ± 8.5	11.1 ± 9.7
Control:	127.9 ± 13.9b	80.8 ± 9.4	10.8 ± 8.4a	15.3 ± 9.4a
Normotensive	118.3 ± 7.2b	74.3 ± 5.6a	10.8 ± 9.0a	15.7 ± 9.9b
Hypertensive	139.0 ± 11.1c	89.7 ± 6.4a	10.3 ± 7.4c	14.3 ± 8.4c

SBP and DBP expressed as mmHg. SBP and DBP nighttime fall expressed as percentage.

^ap<0.001.

^bp<0.01.

^cp<0.05. ANOVA test.

Figure 1. The prevalence of nondipper status was higher in renal patients (39.6%) compared with control normotensives (14.1%, p<0.001) but not when compared with control hypertensives (24.5%, NS). Differences between these latter groups are not significant.

Figure 2. When only nontreated renal patients were included (nondipper prevalence, 23.9%) no significant differences could be found between these patients and control normotensives (14.1%) and hypertensives (24.5%).

Table 3. Nontreated renal patients

Group	24 h SBP	24 h DBP	SBP fall	DBP fall
Renal disease	128.4±15.3b	81.1±13.0b	9.3±6.6	14.5±8.2
Normotensive	117.±6.7	72.0±5.8	10.8±6.0	16.3±7.2
Hypertensive	143.2±9.7a	90.5±12.9	7.0±6.7a	11.3±8.9
Control
Normotensive	118.6±7.9	73.9±5.6	10.6±8.3	16.0±9.2
Hypertensive	137.8±10.2	89.0±6.2	10.3±6.9	14.7±7.9

SBP and DBP expressed as mmHg. SBP and DBP nighttime fall expressed as percentage.

^ap<0.05 (t Student test) vs. control hypertensives.

^bp<0.001 vs. control hypertensives and control normotensives. Differences between normotensives are not significant.

Table 4. Influence of proteinuria, renal failure, and hypertension in nontreated patients

	24 h SBP	24 h DBP	SBP fall	DBP fall
Proteinuria	130.9±13.0	83.9±10.8	7.9±6.2	11.7±7.7
No proteinuria	126.8±16.0	80.4±14.4	10.1±7.2	16.2±8.4
Renal failure	132.2±14.9	85.3±12.3	8.6±6.0	11.5±6.8
Normal function	125.9±14.5	79.5±13.3	9.6±7.5	16.4±8.8
Hypertensive	141.8±12.6a	93.2±11.9a	8.6±7.2	12.0±9.3
Normotensive	119.5±7.9	74.2±6.9	9.6±6.7	16.0±7.4

SBP and DBP expressed as mmHg. SBP and DBP nighttime fall expressed as percentage.

^ap<0.001 vs. normotensives. Other differences are not statistically significant.

Figure 3. There is a clearcut difference in the number of patients who took antihypertensive drugs only in the morning. In addition to this situation, the number of drugs taken in the morning is also higher in the patients with multiple daily doses.