Comparative Analysis of the Renoprotective Effects of Pentoxifylline and Vitamin E on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of PTX and Vitamin E on Metabolic Parameters in STZ-Induced Diabetes.

Group	n = 9	H	STZ	STZ + PTX	STZ + E
Glucose (mg/dL)	2 days	95.20 ± 9.00	314.50 ± 14.60a	273.20 ± 14.20a	298.01 ± 13.10a
	8 weeks	102.60 ± 15.30	252.40 ± 21.70b	296.70 ± 12.50b	296.03 ± 15.70b
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	2 days	46.90 ± 3.23	98.85 ± 8.89a	72.18 ± 7.41a	79.98 ± 7.86a
	8 weeks	45.50 ± 5.20	88.78 ± 14.57b	71.86 ± 18.77b	61.90 ± 5.23b
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	2 days	63.0 ± 0.13	283.0 ± 45.02a	367.0 ± 83.81a	440.0 ± 104.21a
	8 weeks	64.0 ± 7.40	334.0 ± 178.46b	244.0 ± 75.33b	123.0 ± 23.32b

Abbreviations: H, healthy; STZ, streptozotocin; PTX, pentoxifylline; E, vitamin E.

^aP < 0.001 different from H group at 2 days.

^bP < 0.05 different from H group at 8 weeks.

Table 2. Vitamin E/TG Ratio (µg/mg).

Group (n = 9)		H	STZ	STZ + E
Vitamin E/TG µg/mg	2 days	11.87 ± 0.036	3.65 ± 0.082a	3.07 ± 0.013a
	8 weeks	12.34 ± 0.091	1.30 ± 0.085^b,c	12.19 ± 0.094

^aP < 0.05 vs. H group at 2 days.

^bP < 0.05 vs. H group at 8 weeks.

^cP < 0.05 vs. STZ group at 2 days.

Table 3. Renal Function Parameters.

Group (n = 9)		H	STZ	STZ + PTX	STZ + E
Ccr mL/min/100 g b.w.	2 days	0.86 ± 0.096	0.88 ± 0.063	0.78 ± 0.127	0.71 ± 0.24
	8 weeks	1.08 ± 0.116	1.63 ± 0.070a,b,c	0.82 ± 0.078	0.88 ± 0.05
UalbV mg/d	2 days	0.0020 ± 0.0001	0.40 ± 0.07d	0.40 ± 0.15d	0.35 ± 0.17d
	8 weeks	0.0021 ± 0.0002	0.70 ± 0.24d	0.27 ± 0.15d	0.41 ± 0.07d

^aP < 0.05 vs. H group.

^bP < 0.05 vs. STZ + PTX.

^cP < 0.05 vs. STZ + E.

^dP < 0.0001 vs. H group.

Table 4. Effect of PTX and Vitamin E on STZ-Induced Diabetes.

Group (n = 9)		H	STZ	STZ + PTX	STZ + E
µM LPOS/g tissue	2 days	2.0 ± 0.27	4.5 ± 0.65a	5.3 ± 0.52a	3.9 ± 0.80a
	8 weeks	2.1 ± 0.41	9.9 ± 1.71b,c,g	3.5 ± 1.11	0.7 ± 0.165g
TAA mmol/L	2 days	1.0 ± 0.26	2.4 ± 0.46a	2.9 ± 0.54a	2.3 ± 0.40a
	8 weeks	0.9 ± 0.17	1.6 ± 0.15d,g	3.8 ± 0.23e,g	1.1 ± 0.06
LPOS/TAA ratio	2 days	2.0 × 10^− 3	1.9 × 10^− 3	1.85 × 10^− 3	1.7 × 10^− 3
	8 weeks	2.3 × 10^− 3	6.2 × 10^− 3f	0.92 × 10^− 3g	0.6 × 10^− 3g

^aP < 0.05 vs. H group at 2 days.

^bP0.001 vs. H group at 8 weeks.

^cP 0.001 vs. STZ + PTX at 8 weeks.

^dP < 0.05 vs. STZ at 2 days.

^eP < 0.001 vs. STZ at 8 weeks.

^fP < 0.001 vs. H at 2 days, 8 weeks.

^gP < 0.05 vs. H group at 8 weeks.

Figure 1. Glomeruli from healthy (A), diabetic (B), pentoxifylline-treated diabetic rats (C), and vitamin-E-treated diabetic rats (D). (Magnification × 7700). Abbreviation US = urinary space, d = capillary lumen, GMB = glomerular membrane basal, pd = podocytes.