Can Cystatin C Be a Better Marker for the Early Detection of Renal Damage in Primary Hypertensive Patients?

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Study Groups.

	Control subjects (n = 29)	Patients with EH (n = 51)
Gender (male/female,n)	11/18	24/27
Age (years) range	45.79 ± 1.31 (36–57)	48.47 ± 0.77 (35–56)
Height (cm)	163.83 ± 1.63	166.10 ± 1.27
Weight (kg)	72.45 ± 1.83	75.76 ± 1.71
BMI^* (kg/m^2)	27.06 ± 0.68	27.50 ± 0.59

All data are expressed as mean ± SE. Study groups matched for all parameters (p > 0.05 between groups). ^*Body Mass Index.

Table 2. The Comparison of the Study Groups.

	Reference ranges	Control group (n = 29)	Patient group (n = 51)	p
BUN (mg/dL)	6–20	11.31 ± 0.45	13.29 ± 0.43	0.004
SCr (mg/dL)	0.5–1.2	0.71 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.02	0.002
UA (mg/dL)	2.4–7	4.80 ± 0.22	5.71 ± 0.21	0.008
Cys C (mg/L)	0.53–0.95	0.77 ± 0.02	0.90 ± 0.02	0.000
BMG (mg/L)	0.7–1.8	1.44 ± 0.05	1.74 ± 0.04	0.000
Upro(mg/d)	0–150	85.60 ± 9.00	126.59 ± 19.71	0.021
Ualb(mg/d)	0–30	4.97 ± 1.67	8.10 ± 1.45	0.011
CrCl (mL/min/1.73 m^2)		113.14 ± 4.01	111.68 ± 4.00	0.813
CG-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)		121.80 ± 3.39	109.85 ± 2.65	0.007
MDRD-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)		110.38 ± 2.81	96.72 ± 2.74	0.000

All data are expressed as mean ± SE.

Table 3. Correlations of the Parameters with MDRD-GFR in Study Groups.

		1/BUN	1/SCr	1/UA	1/BMG	1/Cys C	CG-GFR	CrCl
Control group	MDRD-GFR	r = 0.399	r = 0.610	r = 0.382	r = 0.442	r = 0.622	r = 0.707	r = 0.387
	p	0.032	0.000	0.041	0.016	0.000	0.000	0.038
Patient group	MDRD-GFR	r = 0.533	r = 0.760	r = 0.608	r = 0.407	r = 0.476	r = 0.650	r = 0.040
	p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.779

Table 4. Diagnostic Accuracies of the Parameters.

	AUC	%95 CI	% Sens.	% Spec.	PPV	NPV
BUN	0.745	0.603–0.856	75	64.1	39.09	89.30
SCr	0.847	0.719–0.932	100	59	42.83	100
UA	0.834	0.704–0.923	75	82.1	56.28	91.45
BMG	0.835	0.705–0.924	75	89.7	69.10	92.11
Cys C	0.900	0.783–0.966	91.7	89.7	73.25	97.24
CG-GFR	0.726	0.584–0.842	75	69.2	42.79	90.01
CrCl	0.598	0.452–0.733	91.7	38.5	31.41	93.79

Figure 1. Graphical comparison of the ROC plots for the investigated parameters in the patient group distinguishing between normal and reduced GFR (MDRD-GFR ≤ 80 mL/min/1.73 m²).