Isolation of Rock Rose Essential Oil Using Supercritical CO₂ Extraction

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide has been used as a solvent for the extraction of rock rose leaf (Cistus ladanifer L.). The aim of this work was to identify the best processing conditions to obtain rock rose essential oil. The operating variables were selected so that the only extracted compounds were essential oils and waxes (8–10 MPa and 30–60°C), avoiding the coextraction of high-molecular-weight compounds that do not contribute to fragance formation. Moreover, a two-stage separation procedure was used to separate the waxes from the essential oil. The supercritical extracts were characterized by gas chromatography (GC) to assess the presence of undesirable compounds and to obtain the detailed oil composition. The best oil was produced by extraction at 9 MPa and 40°C and fractionation of the product in two separators in series operating at P = 7 MPa, T = –10°C and at P = 2 MPa, T = 10°C, respectively. Organoleptic analysis confirmed the high quality of the product.

Keywords:

• Rock rose
• Essential oil
• Liquid CO₂ extraction
• Supercritical CO₂ extraction

Acknowledgments