Lyotropic liquid crystal directed synthesis of nanostructured materials

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic drawing of the LC templating synthesis of mesoporous materials. (Reprinted with permission from [44], Nature Publishing Ltd ©1992.)

Figure 2 Schematic representation of the templating process used to deposit the H₁₋e metal films. The cylinders represent the micellar rods in the LLC phase. (Reprinted with permission from [64], American Chemical Society © 2003.)

Table 1 The investigated metal/surfactant combinations and as-obtained structures. (Reprinted with permission from [65], Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA © 2006.)

Metal	Surfactant		Surfactant	Repeat distance (nm)±95%
	(+swelling agent)	Mesoporous structure?	removal possible?	confidence interval
Cu	Brij 56	Some samples	No	3.9±0.5
Ag	Triton X-100	No	–	–
	Brij 56	No	–	–
	P123	No	–	–
Au
	Triton X-100	No	–	–
	Triton X-100/n-hexane	No	–	–
Zn	Brij 56	No	–	–
Cd	Brij 56	Yes	Yes	3.3±0.6
	Brij 56	Yes	Yes	4.0±0.7
Ni
	Triton X-100	Yes	Yes	3.3±0.5
	Brij 56	Yes	Yes	5.2±1.4
Sn
	Brij 76/n-hexane	Yes	Yes	5.9±0.8

Figure 3 Schematic formation process of the mesoporous hollow microspheres. (Reprinted with permission from [76], American Chemical Society © 2005.)

Figure 4 Schematic of the proposed enhanced alignment of reverse hexagonal liquid-crystalline phase during nanowire electrodeposition. (Reprinted with permission from: [96], Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA © 2002.)

Figure 5 Polarized light micrographs of surfactant AOT systems (×400). AOT/p-xylene/H₂O reverse hexagonal liquid crystal before (a) and after (b) doping of Cu²⁺ ions. (Reprinted with permission from [98], American Chemical Society © 2002.)

Figure 6 SEM images of cuprite nanowires electrodeposited from reverse hexagonal LC phase AOT (1.5 M)/p-xylene/CuCl₂ (0.1 M) at deposition potential of −1.1 V with electrode distance of 0.5 mm for different deposition times: (a) 1 h, (b) 2 h and (c) 2 h, at different magnifications. (Reprinted with permission from [98], American Chemical Society © 2002.)

Figure 7 Schematic models for the formation of Pt nanotubes in the mixed surfactant templating system: (a) Mixed (C₁₂EO₉/Tween 60) and (b) single (C₁₂EO₉) surfactant cylindrical rod like micelles. (c) Pathway from micellar solution to metal nanotubes by the reduction of metals salts confined to the aqueous shell of mixed-surfactant cylindrical micelles. The metal salts and water molecules are omitted from the models. (Reprinted with permission from [100], Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA © 2004.)

Figure 8 Schematic growth mechanism of Au microplates from P123(45%)–CTAB(1.0%)–HAuCl₄ (0.03 M) system: (a) cross section of the hexagonal phase, (b) side view of two adjacent cylinders and (c) growth process. (Reprinted by permission from [105], American Chemical Society © 2005.)

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