Effects of eye rubbing on the levels of protease, protease activity and cytokines in tears: relevance in keratoconus

Abstract

Background

Proteases, protease activity and inflammatory molecules in tears have been found to be relevant in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. We sought to determine the influence of eye rubbing on protease expression, protease activity and concentration of inflammatory molecules in tears.

Methods

Basal tears were collected from normal volunteers before and after 60 seconds of experimental eye rubbing. The total amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐13 and inflammatory molecules interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in the tear samples were measured using specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Tear collagenase activity was investigated using a specific activity assay.

Results

The concentrations of MMP‐13 (51.9 ± 34.3 versus 63 ± 36.8-pg/ml, p = 0.006), IL‐6 (1.24 ± 0.98 versus 2.02 ± 1.52-pg/ml, p = 0.004) and TNF‐α (1.16 ± 0.74 versus 1.44 ± 0.66-pg/ml, p = 0.003) were significantly increased in normal subjects after eye rubbing. The experimental eye rub did not alter significantly the collagenase activity (5.02 ± 3 versus 7.50 ± 3.90 fluorescent intensity units, p = 0.14) of tears.

Conclusion

Eye rubbing for 60 seconds increased the level of tear MMP‐13, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in normal study subjects. This increase in protease, protease activity and inflammatory mediators in tears after eye rubbing may be exacerbated even further during persistent and forceful eye rubbing seen in people with keratoconus and this in turn may contribute to the progression of the disease.

Key words:

• cytokines
• eye rubbing
• keratoconus
• proteases
• tear film

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a scholarship from the Brien Holden Vision Institute. The authors would like to thank Dr Thomas Naduvilath for his guidance in statistical analysis. The authors also thank Dr Judith Flanagan for her assistance in preparation of this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

Brien Holden Vision Institute