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Abstract
Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating was applied to three flood berms in upper etlestølsdalen, southern orway, using a local, high‐precision calibration curve that takes account of the colluvial origin of fluvial boulders in the youngest berm, which was deposited during the ugust 1979 flood. Precision of dating for this berm was estimated as ±210 years, whereas predicted ages of the two older berms were 3195 ± 435 and 3405 ± 340 years, and subsections of the oldest berm yielded age ranges of ∼900 years. The results demonstrate the feasibility of high‐precision in the context of boulder landforms deposited by high‐magnitude floods, the requirement of a large sample of R values in the face of high natural variability, the necessity of an appropriate calibration curve to ensure accuracy, the usefulness of floods of known age for testing and improving calibration curves, and the potential effects of boulders of colluvial origin on R values (especially the susceptibility of young surfaces to roughness variations). The dated berms indicate a return period of ∼1000–1500 years for floods of the magnitude of the 1979 flood event in the upper catchment. Thus, the long‐term persistence of flood boulder berms in the landscape has potential for reconstructing Holocene flood history and palaeohydrology from the geomorphic legacy of the most extreme Holocene floods.
Acknowledgements
The fieldwork was carried out on the Swansea University Jotunheimen Research Expedition 2012. We are grateful to Kay and Roger Matthews and Dr Amber Vater who assisted with the Schmidt‐hammer measurements; Professor Danny McCarroll for his insightful comments that led to significant improvements to the paper; and Anna Ratcliffe and Paul Satchell for drawing up the figures for publication. This paper constitutes Jotunheimen Research Expeditions Contribution No. 185.