Perception of very small visual stimuli in the fovea: normative data for the Rarebit Foveal Test

Abstract

Background:  Conventional visual tests are not sensitive enough to detect low degree neural damage, as 6/6 (1.0) visual acuity can be upheld with less than two‐thirds of the normal number of optic nerve axons. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the physiologic properties of a new computerised test, the Rarebit Fovea Test (RFT), using very small stimuli, by quantifying the effect of age and binocular summation in relation to stimulus luminance.

Methods:  The RFT relies on the perception of very small (less than 0.5 minutes of arc) bright stimuli. Two different experiments were performed.

1	Thirty‐five subjects (age 19 to 63 years) were tested with five different stimulus luminances, 158, 64, 53, 41 and 33-cd/m2.
2	Nineteen subjects (age 19 to 63 years) were tested using binocular stimulation to define the binocular summation.

Results:  Significantly reduced median hit rates were observed at luminances of 53-cd/m² or below. Age and mean hit rate correlated negatively at all luminance levels below 158-cd/m². The mean hit rate from binocular stimulation, compared to the highest value from monocular stimulation in the same subject, was increased by a factor of 1.54 ± 0.45 (SD). No age effect was found regarding binocular summation.

Conclusions:  The results in the current study indicate that RFT can identify some of the well‐known features of the visual system, that is, the effects of age and binocular summation, provided that the stimulus luminance is adequately selected.

Key words:

• age
• contrast
• luminance
• Rarebit Fovea Test
• target detection