Developmental correlates of emotional intelligence: Temperament, family environment and childhood trauma

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive statistics and correlations (r) between trait EI, ability EI, temperament, family environment, and childhood trauma

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
1. Trait EI	–
2. Ability EI	0.26***	–
Temperament
3. Negative affect	−0.18	0.07	–
4. Effortful control	0.40**	−0.02	−0.42**	–
5. Extraversion	0.43**	0.02	−0.40**	0.11	–
6. Orienting sensitivity	0.47**	−0.02	0.03	0.21	0.14	–
Abuse/neglect
7. Physical abuse	0.05	−0.22	−0.05	0.14	−0.02	0.23	–
8. Physical neglect	−0.06	−0.02	0.10	−0.08	−0.11	0.13	0.25	–
9. Emotional neglect	−0.02	−0.07	−0.03	0.04	−0.14	0.24	0.36**	0.42**	–
10. Emotional abuse	0.01	−0.10	−0.03	−0.02	−0.05	0.22	0.47**	0.56**	0.62**	–
Family environment
11. Conflict	−0.16	−0.05	0.10	−0.13	−0.05	0.14	0.31*	0.28*	0.40**	0.43**	–
12. Cohesiveness	0.02	−0.09	−0.04	0.06	0.10	−0.23	−0.40**	−0.37**	−0.52**	−0.48**	−0.61**	–
13. Expressiveness	0.13	−0.14	0.00	0.15	0.07	0.09	−0.04	0.01	−0.25	−0.17	−0.25	0.30	–
M	3.71	97.23	4.12	4.26	4.74	4.63	6.59	6.41	9.67	9.24	48.76	45.80	49.62
SD	0.37	14.55	0.70	0.68	0.71	0.68	4.17	2.64	4.24	4.51	15.75	13.74	12.38

* p < .01,

** p < .001.

*** p = .011.

Table 2 Multiple hierarchical regression of trait EI and ability EI on temperament (Step 1), family environment, childhood trauma (Step 2), and interaction terms (Step 3)

Predictor	Trait EI	Ability EI
	B	B
Step 1
Negative affect	0.05	2.14
Effortful control	0.17	0.62
Extraversion	0.19	1.24
Orienting sensitivity	0.19	−0.78
Step 2
Physical abuse	0.01	2.54
Physical neglect	0.01	−0.42
Emotional neglect	0.01	1.11
Emotional abuse	−0.02	0.34
Conflict	−0.01	−0.16
Cohesiveness	0.00	−0.28
Expressiveness	0.00	−0.15
Step 3 ×
Negative affect × physical abuse	0.00	1.77
Negative affect × physical neglect	0.00	−2.28
Negative affect × emotional neglect	0.11	7.65***
Negative affect × emotional abuse	0.01	0.63
Negative affect × conflict	0.01	0.30
Negative affect × cohesiveness	−0.01	−0.78*
Negative affect × expressiveness	0.01	0.22
Effortful control × physical abuse	0.00	4.82
Effortful control × physical neglect	0.04	0.22
Effortful control × emotional neglect	0.01	11.62**
Effortful control × emotional abuse	−0.05	−3.11
Effortful control × conflict	0.01	0.28
Effortful control × cohesiveness	0.01	−0.46
Effortful control × expressiveness	0.00	−0.26
Extraversion × physical abuse	−0.06	−2.21
Extraversion × physical neglect	0.03	−1.62
Extraversion × emotional neglect	0.15	1.49
Extraversion × emotional abuse	−0.08	2.26
Extraversion × conflict	0.01	0.38
Extraversion × expressiveness	0.01	0.64*
Orienting sensitivity × physical abuse	0.01	−3.38
Orienting sensitivity × physical neglect	0.00	−10.88*
Orienting sensitivity × emotional neglect	0.00	1.94
Orienting sensitivity × emotional abuse	−0.06	5.06
Orienting sensitivity × conflict	0.00	0.09
Orienting sensitivity × cohesiveness	0.00	0.11
Orienting sensitivity × expressiveness	0.00	−0.22
R^2 adj Step 1	0.41**	−0.04
ΔR^2adj Step 2	−0.01	0.05
ΔR^2adj Step 3	0.06	0.24†
Overall R^2adj	0.46	0.26
Final ANOVA	F(38, 58) = 3.19**	F(38, 58) = 1.89‡

* p < .01,

** p < .001.

*** p = .011;

† p = .014;

‡ p = .012.

ANOVA = analysis of variance.