Vertical distribution of chloroform-extractable green fraction in several Andosol and Cambisol profiles

Figures & data

Figure 1  Visible spectra of chloroform-extractable fraction in chloroform from (a) Andosol (Sugadaira-G [SGG]) and (b) Cambisol (Kuroiwa [KI]) profiles.

Table 1 Chloroform-extractable green fraction (CEGF) and Pg contents, soil chemical properties and properties of humic acids

Soil sample (Horizon)	Depth (cm)	CEGF (g kg^−1)	Pg (g kg^−1)	O-C^† (g kg^−1)	pH^† (H2O)	Ex. Al (cmol kg^−1)	Fed^† (g kg^−1)	Ald^† (g kg^−1)	Feo^† (g kg^−1)	Alo^† (g kg^−1)	Humic acid
											A 600/C	log (A 400/A 600)	HA type^‡
Silic Andosols
Sugadaira-G (SGG)
A1	(0–10)	1.00	–	149	6.16	0.03	26.3	39.2	12.7	62.5	4.81	0.58	B±
A2	(10–21)	1.16	–	169	5.76	0.15	14.9	31.6	14.0	46.9	6.24	0.54	A±
A3	(21–35)	1.10	–	129	5.73	0.34	34.8	62.5	8.9	56.4	6.92	0.54	A±
A4	(35–62)	0.90	–	128	5.72	0.28	36.9	60.6	18.7	95.4	8.26	0.53	A±
Bw1	(62–80)	0.26	–	25	5.83	0.02	21.3	27.9	11.4	73.7	5.04	0.57	A±
Bw2	(80–100)	0.18	–	17	5.85	0.01	22.8	27.6	11.7	77.2	5.54	0.61	A±
Sugadaira-F (SGF)
A1	(0–7)	0.78	–	158	5.11	1.01	21.1	35.7	10.6	44.5	4.77	0.58	B±
A2	(7–17)	1.04	–	132	5.28	0.73	12.8	30.9	14.3	58.8	5.44	0.55	A±
A3	(17–31)	0.90	–	74	5.78	0.15	24.9	41.8	9.0	63.0	6.09	0.56	A±
A4	(31–47)	0.53	–	40	5.89	0.09	31.7	33.0	7.9	57.5	6.34	0.55	A±
Bw1	(47–67)	0.11	–	10	5.68	0.11	37.3	22.2	9.2	30.9	5.47	0.58	A±
Bw2	(67–86)	0.06	–	7	5.80	0.08	32.0	18.3	8.4	25.6	5.12	0.60	A±
Soni (SN)
A1	(0–20)	0.55	–	142	5.19	0.90	27.2	33.7	12.2	28.6	9.64	0.57	A±
A2	(20–25)	0.67	–	92	5.11	0.82	35.9	39.8	14.7	32.7	4.95	0.55	B±
2A3	(25–35)	0.80	–	69	5.20	0.27	31.1	44.2	16.9	43.6	10.23	0.52	A±
3A4	(35–58)	0.87	–	58	5.10	0.26	22.5	41.9	9.8	41.8	6.35	0.52	A±
3AB	(58–67)	0.46	–	28	5.00	0.31	18.6	29.1	9.1	35.7	5.58	0.53	A±
3Bw	(67–85)	0.13	–	14	5.11	0.54	23.1	21.2	6.1	18.0	5.13	0.57	A±
3BC	(85–110)	0.10	–	9	5.12	0.74	19.5	14.0	6.0	10.9	4.09	0.58	B±
Umbric Andosol
Gyosei (GS)
A1	(0–10)	0.51	–	177	4.18	1.89	23.8	14.8	7.3	11.4	5.81	0.53	A±
A2	(10–16)	0.45	–	124	4.58	2.10	32.0	18.0	8.7	13.6	6.29	0.53	A±
A3	(16–35)	0.61	–	65	4.90	1.32	28.4	23.3	17.5	18.5	5.58	0.52	A+
2A4	(35–41)	0.71	–	56	4.90	0.82	23.0	24.2	19.4	24.8	5.99	0.52	A+
2AB	(41–47)	0.30	–	26	4.81	1.13	43.6	28.6	11.7	19.1	6.39	0.54	A±
2Bw	(47–76)	0.05	Tr.	9	5.03	1.04	33.2	15.5	10.9	10.3	3.19	0.58	P+
Dystric Cambisols
Japanese soil Kuroiwa (KI)
A1	(0–3)	0.38	–	98	4.53	1.93	16.7	11.5	6.9	7.4	1.15	0.74	Rp±
A2	(3–9)	0.27	–	33	4.90	1.65	18.0	12.8	5.8	8.4	1.56	0.73	Rp+
AB	(9–19)	0.21	0.06	20	4.85	1.19	20.4	13.1	5.8	9.3	2.10	0.65	P++
Bw1	(19–27)	0.10	–	13	4.82	1.26	19.2	11.8	6.2	9.5	1.58	0.71	Rp++
Bw2	(27–37)	0.05	Tr.	8	4.98	1.36	16.5	10.1	4.7	7.8	1.85	0.64	P±
BC	(37–65)	0.02	Tr.	4	5.00	1.36	11.7	6.2	3.2	5.5	1.67	0.69	P±
Nepalese soil Jiri-F (JR)
A1	(0–4)	0.38	0.17	57	5.90	0.86	18.4	11.6	12.6	11.8	2.72	0.60	P±
AB	(4–12)	0.52	0.16	43	5.65	0.84	22.7	14.2	11.8	12.5	2.98	0.56	P±
Bw1	(12–22)	0.32	0.04	27	5.70	0.77	21.9	12.7	11.7	11.9	2.52	0.56	P±
Bw2	(22–41)	0.24	0.04	15	5.70	0.71	22.5	10.7	9.4	9.6	2.26	0.55	P±
BC	(41–60)	0.05	0.01	11	5.89	0.70	23.0	8.6	7.5	6.8	2.52	0.60	P±
O-C, content of organic carbon in soil samples; Fed and Ald, amounts of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-extractable Fe and Al in the soil samples, respectively; Feo and Alo, amounts of oxalate-oxalic acid-extractable Fe and Al in the soil samples, respectively; Tr., trace amount (< 0.01 g kg^−1); –, not determined. ^†Data were cited from the report of Suzuki et al. (1999b).
^‡Subdivision of humic acids (HAs) was used according to the method described by Kumada et al. (1967).

Table 2 Values of E440CEGF/E454CEGF and E418CEGF/E454CEGF ratios calculated from the visible spectra of the chloroform-extractable fraction (CEF) from the Sugadaira-G (SGG) and Kuroiwa (KI) profiles

Soil sample (Horizon)	E 440CEGF/E 454CEGF	E 418CEGF/E 454CEGF
SGG
A1	0.85	0.56
A2	0.86	0.54
A3	1.17	0.74
A4	1.29	0.82
Bw1	1.62	1.04
Bw2	2.74	1.69
KI
A1	0.76	0.56
A2	0.80	0.48
AB	0.89	0.56
Bw1	1.06	0.65
Bw2	1.22	0.75
BC	1.10	0.69
CEGF^†	1.24	0.90
^†Data from Kobayashi et al. (2005). CEGF, chloroform-extractable green fraction.

Figure 2  Vertical distribution of chloroform-extractable green fraction (CEGF) (•) and organic carbon (◊) contents in the soil profiles. (a) Sugadaira-G (SGG), (b) Sugadaira-F (SGF), (c) Soni (SN), (d) Gyosei (GS), (e) Kuroiwa (KI) and (f) Jiri-F (JR).

Figure 3  Relationship between the chloroform-extractable green fraction (CEGF) content and the contents of (a) Fed, (b) Ald, (c) Feo and (d) Alo. Parentheses indicate partial correlation coefficient excluding the influence of organic carbon (O-C). (–•–) all soil samples (n = 36); (–○–) soil samples with the highest content of CEGF in each soil profile (○, SGG [A2 horizon]; ▵, SGF [A2 horizon]; ◊, SN [3A4 horizon]; ▿, GS [2A4 horizon]; □, KI [A1 horizon]; , JR [AB horizon]). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Suzuki , T , Fujitake , N , Ueda , Y and Oji , Y . 1999b . Vertical distribution of main soil hydroxyanthraquinones in soil profiles . Soil SciPlant Nutr , 45 : 551 – 561 .

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kumada , K , Sato , O , Ohsumi , Y and Ohta , S . 1967 . Humus composition of mountain soils in central Japan with special reference to the distribution of P type humic acid . Soil SciPlant Nutr , 13 : 151 – 158 .

 Google Scholar

Kobayashi , T , Asakawa , D Yanagi , Y . 2005 . Method for estimating the content of the chloroform-extractable green fraction (CEGF) in HCl-DMSO extract of soils . Soil SciPlant Nutr , 51 : 779 – 786 .

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar