Analysis of bacterial communities on alkaline phosphatase genes in soil supplied with organic matter

Figures & data

Table 1 Chemical properties of the soil (0–15 cm) before fertilization

Treatment	pH (H2O)	Total C (g kg^−1)	Total N (g kg^−1)	Total P (g kg^−1)	Available P (mg kg^−1)	Exchangeable cations (mmolc kg^−1)
						K2O	MgO	CaO
CF	6.4	21	1.9	1.0	76.0	4.9	24	84
OM	6.5	21	1.9	1.1	91.4	4.8	26	87
CF, chemical fertilizer plot; OM, organic matter plot.

Figure 1  Alkaline phosphatase activity in bulk soil (B) and rhizosphere soil (R) in the chemical fertilizer plot (CF) and organic matter plot (OM). Data are mean ± standard error (n = 2). BF, before fertilization; DAF, days after fertilization. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

Figure 2  Biomass P in bulk soil (B) and rhizosphere soil (R) in the chemical fertilizer plot (CF) and organic matter plot (OM). Data are mean ± standard error (n = 2). BF, before fertilization; DAF, days after fertilization. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

Figure 3  Available P in bulk soil (B) and rhizosphere soil (R) in the chemical fertilizer plot (CF) and organic matter plot (OM). Data are mean ± standard error (n = 2). BF, before fertilization; DAF, days after fertilization. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

Table 2 Dry weight and the P and N concentrations of lettuce

	DW (g hill^−1)		P (mg g^−1)		N (mg g^−1)
	32 DAF	53 DAF	32 DAF	53 DAF	32 DAF	53 DAF
CF	5.2 ± 0.9	30.7 ± 4.8	2.9 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.2	31.2 ± 0.1	29.9 ± 0.8
OM	7.2 ± 0.6	45.5 ± 4.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.7 ± 0.2	32.5 ± 0.0	29.4 ± 0.1
t-test	**	*	**	*
*P < 0.05;
**P < 0.1. Data shown are mean ± standard error (n = 2). CF, chemical fertilizer plot; DAF, days after fertilization; DW, dry weight; OM, organic matter plot.

Figure 4  Alkaline phosphatase gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the bacterial communities using polymerase chain reaction from bulk soil (B) and rhizosphere soil (R) in the chemical fertilizer plot (CF) and organic matter plot (OM). BF, before fertilization; DAF, days after fertilization. Lines are duplicated. M, DGGE Marker II (Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan).

Figure 5  Phylogenetic tree based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) amino acid sequences derived from ALP gene fragments. The tree was produced using a neighbor-joining algorithm. The bar indicates an estimated 10% sequence divergence. Bootstrap values are given for 1,000 replicate trees and values greater than 70% are indicated. The accession number for each sequence is enclosed in parentheses.

Figure 6  Principal component analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) bacterial communities. BF, before fertilization; DAF, days after fertilization; B, bulk soil; R, rhizosphere soil. Symbols are the average values of two replicates. The level of variation explained by each principal component is indicated in parentheses. P values are given if there was a significant variety effect determined by anova.