Reconstitution of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Transcription In Vivo

Abstract

We developed a model system to study glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated chromatin remodeling by the BRG1 complex. Introduction of the BRG1 ATPase into the SW-13 cell line initiates the formation of a functional remodeling complex. This complex is able to induce transcriptional activation from a transiently transfected promoter with wild-type and chromatin-remodeling-deficient BRG1 mutants, suggesting that the complex possesses a coactivator function independent from remodeling. Transactivation from a chromatin template requires the BRG1 remodeling function, which induces regions of hypersensitivity and transcription factor loading onto the integrated MMTV promoter. We report that BRG1 remodeling activity is required for GR-mediated transactivation and that this activity cannot be replaced by other ATP-dependent remodeling proteins. Further characterization of the BRG1-associated factors (BAFs) present in these cells (for example, the expression of BAF250 but not BAF180) reveals that the BAF complex rather than the polybromo-associated BAF complex is the necessary and sufficient chromatin-remodeling component with which the receptor functions in vivo. These results in conjunction with previous findings demonstrate that the GR functions with multiple forms of the SWI/SNF complex in vivo.

We thank Maureen Bunger, Parthiba Hebbar, H. Karimi Kinyamu, and members of the Archer laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript; Adam Brothers for help in the initial screening of cell lines; Paul Wade (Emory University) and Weidong Wang (NIA/NIH) for the ISWI and BAF250 antibodies, respectively; and Robert Kingston (MGH/Harvard University) and Keith Yamamoto (UCSF) for various expression plasmids used in the study.