Clinicohaematological profile of infections in bone marrow – single centre experience in North Himalayan region of India

Figures & data

Table 1. Different infections with percentages of cases

Infections	Number of cases	Percentage (%)
Bacterial
Tuberculosis	8	14·8
Staphylococcal septicaemia	2	3·7
Leptospirosis	1	1·8
Viral
Herpes zoster	1	1·8
Hepatitis	6	11·1
Dengue	1	1·8
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	1	1·8
Fungal
Candidiasis	1	1·8
Parasitic
Malaria
Plasmodium falciparum	6	11·1
Plasmodium vivax	1	1·8
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax	1	1·8
Leishmaniasis	20	37·0
Mixed infections
HIV with candidiasis	1	1·8
HIV with histoplasmosis	2	3·7
Malaria with typhoid	1	1·8
Viral hepatitis with leprosy	1	1·8
Total	54

Table 2. Clinical features and percentages of cases

Feature	Number of cases	Percentage (%)
Symptoms related to anaemia (breathlessness, lethargy, and easy fatigability)	38	70·3
Fever	35	64·8
Hepatomegaly	24	44·4
Splenomegaly	21	38·8
Lymphadenopathy	10	18·5
Headache, Dizziness, and Bodyache	10	18·5
Cough with or without expectoration	6	11·1

Table 3. Haematological parameters and bone marrow findings observed with infections

Parameter
Haemoglobin (g/dl)	7·85±2·49 (mean±SD)
Total leukocyte count(×10^9/l)	0·36–1 lakh (range)
Platelet count (×10^9/l)	99 (mean); 20–530 (range)
Pancytopenia	37·0% (Percentage of total cases)
Atypical lymphocytosis	5·5% (Percentage of total cases)
Bone marrow findings
Features	Percentage of cases (%)
Myelodysplasia	59·2
Plasmacytosis	48·1
Hemophagocytosis	38·8
Histiocytosis	18·5
Granuloma	11·1
Mast cells	7·4
Fibrosis	5·5
Necrosis	5·5
Others (associated with multiple myeloma and leukaemia)	3·7
Iron status
Increased iron stores	72·2
Decreased iron stores	14·8
Normal	12·9

Figure 1. Bone marrow biopsy showing accumulation of mature plasma cells around blood vessels in case of infection (haematoxylin–eosin, ×40).

Figure 2. Bone marrow aspirate showing hemophagocytosis along with a fair number of plasma cells and normoblasts in case of infection (Jenner–Giemsa, ×100).