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Redox Report
Communications in Free Radical Research
Volume 17, 2012 - Issue 6
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Research articles

Clonidine pre-treatment prevents hemorrhagic shock-induced endotoxemia and oxidative stress in the gut, liver, and lungs of the rat

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Pages 246-251 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental model.

Figure 1. Experimental model.

Figure 2. Production of organic hydroperoxides in the gut, liver, and lungs. Values expressed as mean ± SD. Sham, n = 8: rats were subjected to surgical artery cannulation alone. H/S, n = 8: rats were subjected to H/S. Clonidine, n = 8: rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to the surgical artery cannulation. Clonidine-H/S, rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to H/S. *P < 0.001 compared to sham, #P < 0.001 compared to H/S, ##P < 0.05 compared to H/S.

Figure 2. Production of organic hydroperoxides in the gut, liver, and lungs. Values expressed as mean ± SD. Sham, n = 8: rats were subjected to surgical artery cannulation alone. H/S, n = 8: rats were subjected to H/S. Clonidine, n = 8: rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to the surgical artery cannulation. Clonidine-H/S, rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to H/S. *P < 0.001 compared to sham, #P < 0.001 compared to H/S, ##P < 0.05 compared to H/S.

Figure 3. Production of superoxide radical in the gut, liver, and lungs (values expressed as mean ± SD). Sham, n = 8: rats were subjected to surgical artery cannulation alone. H/S, n = 8: rats were subjected to H/S. Clonidine, n = 8: rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to the surgical artery cannulation. Clonidine-H/S, rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to H/S. *P < 0.001 compared to sham, **P < 0.05 compared to sham, #P < 0.001 compared to H/S, ##P < 0.05 compared to H/S.

Figure 3. Production of superoxide radical in the gut, liver, and lungs (values expressed as mean ± SD). Sham, n = 8: rats were subjected to surgical artery cannulation alone. H/S, n = 8: rats were subjected to H/S. Clonidine, n = 8: rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to the surgical artery cannulation. Clonidine-H/S, rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to H/S. *P < 0.001 compared to sham, **P < 0.05 compared to sham, #P < 0.001 compared to H/S, ##P < 0.05 compared to H/S.

Figure 4. Endotoxin levels in portal and aortic blood samples (values expressed as mean ± SD). Sham, n = 8: rats were subjected to surgical artery cannulation alone. H/S, n = 8: rats were subjected to H/S. Clonidine, n = 8: rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to the surgical artery cannulation. Clonidine-H/S, rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to H/S. *P < 0.05 compared to sham, **P < 0.001 compared to sham, #P < 0.05 compared to H/S, ##P < 0.01 compared to H/S.

Figure 4. Endotoxin levels in portal and aortic blood samples (values expressed as mean ± SD). Sham, n = 8: rats were subjected to surgical artery cannulation alone. H/S, n = 8: rats were subjected to H/S. Clonidine, n = 8: rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to the surgical artery cannulation. Clonidine-H/S, rats pre-treated with clonidine were subjected to H/S. *P < 0.05 compared to sham, **P < 0.001 compared to sham, #P < 0.05 compared to H/S, ##P < 0.01 compared to H/S.

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