Tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injuries during extremity surgery at children's age: impact of anesthetic chemical structure

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the patients and tourniquet time

	Group S	Group T	Group R
Gender ratio (M/F)	10/5	14/1*	8/7
UEX/LEX	9/6	12/3	9/6
Age (years)	12.87 ± 2.77	11.80 ± 3.10	14.27 ± 2.25
Weight (kg)	49.20 ± 17.40	47.80 ± 19.81	50.47 ± 11.92
Height (cm)	153.07 ± 18.76	150.73 ± 19.19	158.80 ± 11.53
Tourniquet time (minutes)	56.00 ± 16.28	65.00 ± 17.11	53.00 ± 17.13

*P < 0.01 vs. group R.

LEX, lower extremity; UEX, upper extremity.

Table 2. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma 30 minutes after the reaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

TAC of plasma after 30 minutes (% inhibition)	Group S	Group T	Group R
Basal value30	43.95 ± 16.45	44.94 ± 14.69*	36.56 ± 8.27
1 minute BTR30	37.36 ± 14.81	43.90 ± 13.03*	40.89 ± 14.70
5 minutes ATR30	44.21 ± 20.32	53.14 ± 22.09	42.69 ± 14.51
20 minutes ATR30	39.65 ± 20.59^†	63.44 ± 17.04	41.96 ± 12.78^†

Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Group S, general inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane; Group T, total intravenous anesthesia with propofol; Group R, regional anesthesia; BTR, before tourniquet release; ATR, after tourniquet release.

*P < 0.01 vs. 20 minutes ATR₃₀.

^†P < 0.01 vs. group T – 20 minutes ATR₃₀.

Table 3. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma 60 minutes after the reaction with DPPH

TAC of plasma after 60 minutes (% inhibition)	Group S	Group T	Group R
Basal value60	44.21 ± 18.21	44.78 ± 15.34*	39.67 ± 8.76
1 minute BTR60	37.40 ± 17.06	43.60 ± 14.53*	43.67 ± 14.19
5 minutes ATR60	44.63 ± 22.83	52.49 ± 22.19	45.85 ± 14.59
20 minutes ATR60	39.85 ± 24.09^†	62.76 ± 18.21	45.19 ± 12.48^†

Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Group S, general inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane; Group T, total intravenous anesthesia with propofol; Group R, regional anesthesia; BTR, before tourniquet release; ATR, after tourniquet release.

*P < 0.01 vs. 20 minutes ATR₆₀.

^†P < 0.01 vs. group T – 20 minutes ATR₆₀.

Figure 1. DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of propofol. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Figure 2. DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of thiopental. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Figure 3. DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of bupivacaine. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Table 4. Correlation between different concentrations of anesthetics and absorbance inhibition in percentage after the reaction with DPPH

	Bupivacaine	Propofol	Thiopental
% of inhibition	r = −0.817	r = 0.884	r = 0.802
	P = 0.047	P = 0.019	P = 0.055