Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in adults with vitamin B12 deficiency

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic features of participants

Characteristic		Patients (n = 46)	Controls (n = 45)	P
Median age, years		44.50 (30.00)	38.00 (34.00)	0.057*
(IQR)
Age range, years		18–82	19–65
Sex, n (%)
	Male	13 (28.3)	19 (42.2)	0.240^†
	Female	33 (71.7)	26 (57.8)

*Mann–Whitney U test.

^†Yates’ Chi-square test.

Table 2 Serum vitamin B12, homocysteine, and MMA, urine MMA, and hemoglobin, LDH, and HDL cholesterol values of participants

	Patients pre-treatment	Controls	P^†	Patients post-treatment	P^‡	P
Serum vitamin B12 (pg/ml)	150.00 (48.50) (30.00–200.00)	326.70 (243.90) (141.00–1430.00)	<0.001	706.50 (539.00) (193.00–2000.00)	<0.001	<0.001
Serum homocysteine (µmol/l)	15.65 (10.85) (5.10–126.00)	11.70 (3.65) (5.11–49.60)	0.001	8.61 (5.05) (0.56–25.40)	0.003	<0.001
Serum MMA (nmol/ml)	1.32 (1.26) (0.14–3.80)	0.29 (0.16) (0.08–0.73)	<0.001	0.27 (0.19) (0.10–1.24)	0.363	<0.001
Urine MMA (nmol/ml)	2.67 (1.99) (0.06–6.70)	0.86 (1.11) (0.02–4.44)	<0.001	1.02 (1.14) (0.00–12.30)	0.955	<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	12.38 ± 2.97 (5.70–18.10)	14.12 ± 2.00 (9.50–17.90)	<0.001*	13.53 ± 1.76 (9.60–18.00)	0.139*	<0.001*
LDH (U/l)	190.00 (47.00) (113.00–4781.00)	180.00 (44.50) (115.00–264.00)	0.123	197.50 (36.75) (125.00–424.00)	0.006	0.269
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	48.50 (22.25) (17.00–79.00)	63.81 (29.16) (34.00–101.00)	<0.001	47.50 (19.50) (25.00–70.00)	0.001	0.655*

Data are median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation (min. – max.)

HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MMA: methylmalonic acid.

^†Patients pre-treatment versus controls, Mann–Whitney U test or *Student's t test.

^‡Patients post-treatment versus controls, Mann–Whitney U test or *Student's t test.

Patients pre-treatment versus post-treatment, Wilcoxon signed rank test or *paired samples t test.

Figure 1 Distribution of PON levels. Horizontal lines indicate median values; purple bars indicate the interquartile range; and vertical lines indicate the minimum and maximum. PON, paraoxonase.

Figure 2 Distribution of ARES levels. Circles indicate the median levels. ARES, arylesterase.

Table 3 Relationships between PON and homocysteine and serum vitamin B12

	PON (U/l)
Blood measurements	ρ*	P
Homocysteine (µmol/l)
Patients, pre-treatment	–0.043	0.778
Patients, post-treatment	–0.123	0.416
Controls	0.097	0.524
Vitamin B12 (pg/ml)
Patients, pre-treatment	–0.042	0.782
Patients, post-treatment	–0.183	0.222
Controls	0.075	0.624

*Spearman's rho correlation coefficient.

Table 4 Relationships between ARES and HCY and serum vitamin B12

	ARES (U/l)
Blood measurements	ρ*	P
HCY (µmol/l)
Patients, pre-treatment	–0.040	0.789
Patients, post-treatment	0.067	0.660
Controls	0.154	0.313
Vitamin B12 (pg/ml)
Patients, pre-treatment	0.349	0.017
Patients, post-treatment	–0.080	0.597
Controls	0.204	0.179

*Spearman's rho correlation coefficient.