Cerebral function in perinatally HIV-infected young adults and their HIV-uninfected sibling controls

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics

Parameter	Group 1 (PaHIV-infected group)	Group 2 (Control group)
Number of subjects	33	14
Age, years (mean, range)	19.6, 17–23	19.9, 16–24
Black/mixed ethnicity %	85	86
Male gender, n (%)	11 (33)	4 (29)
Recent recreational drug use (%)	2 (6)	1 (7)
Previous recreational drug use (%)	13 (39)	6 (43)
English is first language (%)	29 (88)	13 (93)
Number of years education (years)	14	15

Note: mean values unless otherwise stated.

Table 2. Group 1 HIV clinical parameter

Parameter	Group 1
Current plasma CD4 count (cells/μl) (IQR)	444 (174–725)
Current plasma CD4 cell % (IQR)	21 (9–35)
HIV VL < 50 copies/ml, n (%)	18 (55)
Age at HIV diagnosis, years (IQR)	5 (0–9)
Years since HIV diagnosis (IQR)	15 (13–20)
Currently taking ARV, n (%)	26 (79)
PI containing regimen, n (%)	18 (55)
Age at ARV commencement, years (IQR)	13 (8–16)
Years since first ARV treatment (IQR)	8.5 (4–13)

Note: mean values unless otherwise stated. IQR = interquartile range, VL = viral load, ARV = antiretroviral therapy, PI = protease inhibitor.

Table 3. Results of neurocognitive testing

	Mean scores (standard deviation)
Domain	Total score (n = 47)	Group 1 (n = 34)	Group 2 (n = 14)	P value
Global speed score	10.64 (0.28)	10.66 (0.30)	10.57 (0.24)	0.27
Global accuracy score**	3.02 (0.49)	3.03 (0.47)	2.99 (0.42)	0.78
Executive function	17.83 (8.93)	18.18 (9.79)	17.00 (6.75)	0.68
IHDS	11.3 (0.9)	11.3 (0.9)	11.3 (0.8)	0.861
PRMQ	40 (8.9)	42 (8.2)	35 (9.0)	0.023

Note: IHDS = International HIV Dementia Scale, PRMQ = prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire, *P value for between group differences.

* Speed assessed in MSES and executive function in total errors. The lower the score achieved (i.e. faster speed or lower number of errors) the better the performance

** Accuracy assessed as number of correct responses where a greater score represents better performance.

Table 4. Cerebral metabolite ratios

	Mean (standard deviation)
		Total score	Group 1 (n = 8)	Group 2 (n = 4)	P value
Frontal gray matter	NAA/Cr	1.66 (0.28)	1.75 (0.31)	1.49 (0.07)	0.14
	Cho/Cr	0.63 (0.10)	0.65 (0.12)	0.59 (0.06)	0.36
	mI/Cr	3.59 (0.97)	3.80 (1.03)	3.15 (0.76)	0.29
Frontal white matter	NAA/Cr	1.88 (0.86)	2.04 (1.03)	1.54 (0.15)	0.37
	Cho/Cr	0.92 (0.18)	0.97 (0.20)	0.81 (0.09)	0.17
	mI/Cr	4.15 (0.68)	4.17 (0.71)	4.12 (0.70)	0.92
Basal ganglia	NAA/Cr	2.01 (0.42)	2.13 (0.46)	1.77 (0.16)	0.17
	Cho/Cr	0.76 (0.15)	0.83 (0.14)	0.63 (0.03)	0.02
	mI/Cr	3.30 (0.39)	3.43 (0.35)	3.03 (0.34)	0.09

Note: Cr = creatine; Chol = choline; mI = myo-inositol; NAA = N-acetyl aspartate,

* P value for between group differences (P < 0.05 shown in bold).