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Abstract
The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has recently completed an updated Spent Fuel Transportation Risk Assessment, NUREG-2125. The study reached the following findings. First, the collective dose risks from routine transportation are vanishingly small. These doses are about four to five orders of magnitude less than collective background radiation doses. Second, the routes selected for this study adequately represent the routes for spent nuclear fuel transport, and there was relatively little variation in the risks per kilometre over these routes. Third, radioactive material would not be released in an accident if the fuel is contained in an inner welded canister inside the cask. Fourth, only rail casks without inner welded canisters would release radioactive material, and only then in exceptionally severe accidents. Fifth, if there were an accident during a spent fuel shipment, there is less than one in a billion chance the accident would result in a release of radioactive material. Sixth, if there were a release of radioactive material in a spent fuel shipment accident, the dose to the maximally exposed individual would be <2 Sv (200 rem) and would not cause an acute fatality. Seventh, the collective dose risks for the two types of extraregulatory accidents (accidents involving a release of radioactive material and loss of lead shielding) are negligible compared to the risk from a no release, no loss of shielding accident. Eight, the risk of loss of shielding from a fire is negligible. Ninth, none of the fire accidents investigated in this study resulted in a release of radioactive material. Based on these findings, this study reconfirms that radiological impacts from spent fuel transportation conducted in compliance with NRC regulations are low. In fact, this study’s radiological impact estimates are generally less than the already low estimates reported in earlier studies. Accordingly, with respect to spent fuel transportation, this study reconfirms the previous NRC conclusion that the regulations for transportation of radioactive material are adequate to protect the public against unreasonable risk.