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Original Article

Humans parasitized by the hard tick Ixodes ricinus are seropositive to Midichloria mitochondrii: is Midichloria a novel pathogen, or just a marker of tick bite?

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Pages 391-396 | Published online: 12 Nov 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies) on salivary glands from Ixodes ricinus (ad) and Ixodes hexagonus (eh) semi-engorged adult females; (a, e) staining using polyclonal antibodies raised against the rFliD from Midichloria mitochondrii (green); (b, f) live mitochondria stained with MitoTracker Red CMXROS (red); (c, g) cellular nuclei stained for cell viability with TOTO-3 iodide; (d, h) merging of the images. In d the yellow spots indicate the overlap between M. mitochondrii (green) and mitochondria (red). Colour version available online.

Figure 1. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies) on salivary glands from Ixodes ricinus (a–d) and Ixodes hexagonus (e–h) semi-engorged adult females; (a, e) staining using polyclonal antibodies raised against the rFliD from Midichloria mitochondrii (green); (b, f) live mitochondria stained with MitoTracker Red CMXROS (red); (c, g) cellular nuclei stained for cell viability with TOTO-3 iodide; (d, h) merging of the images. In d the yellow spots indicate the overlap between M. mitochondrii (green) and mitochondria (red). Colour version available online.

Figure 2. Results of the serological screening for Midichloria mitochondrii and Borrelia burgdorferi on sera from 80 tick-exposed subjects (main figure) and from 169 healthy blood donors (inset). M: sera positive to M. mitochondrii; B: sera positive to B. burgdorferi; M+B: sera positive to both M. mitochondrii and B. burgdorferi. Sera negative to both bacteria (NEGATIVE) are also indicated.

Figure 2. Results of the serological screening for Midichloria mitochondrii and Borrelia burgdorferi on sera from 80 tick-exposed subjects (main figure) and from 169 healthy blood donors (inset). M: sera positive to M. mitochondrii; B: sera positive to B. burgdorferi; M+B: sera positive to both M. mitochondrii and B. burgdorferi. Sera negative to both bacteria (NEGATIVE) are also indicated.