Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet?

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants’ characteristics

Figure 1 Fluxogram of participants.

Table 2 Food intake before (Pre) and after 12 weeks (Post) of either creatine or placebo supplementation in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet

Figure 2 ⁵¹ Cr-EDTA clearance before (Pre) and after 12 weeks (Post) of either creatine (n = 12) or placebo (n = 14) supplementation in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet. Panel A: individual data. Panel B: mean ± standard deviation. No significant difference between groups across time (group x time interaction) was observed (F = 0.21, p = 0.64). Note: Conversion factors for units: glomerular filtration rate in mL/min/1.73 m² to mL/s/1.73 m², ×0.01667.

Table 3 Kidney function parameters before (Pre) and after 12 weeks (Post) of either creatine or placebo supplementation in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet