Individualized hydration plans improve performance outcomes for collegiate athletes engaging in in-season training

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Randomized, cross-over study design to test the effectiveness of a prescription hydration plan on sports performance

Fig. 2 Pilocarpine iontophoresis used for determining the sweat sodium concentration of each athlete

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and exercise training of participants

Table 2 Fluid and hydration survey results

Fig. 3 Change in performance following a 45–120 min bout of moderate to hard training. * = P <  0.05, ** = P < 0.01

Fig. 4 Heart rate recovery after completing a training session with each hydration plan

Table 3 Effect of a prescription hydration plan on performance relative to an ad libitum hydration plan