Figures & data
Table 1 Proposed nutritional ergogenic aids – vitamins
Table 2 Proposed nutritional ergogenic aids – minerals
Table 3 Summary of categorization of dietary supplements based on available literature
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Volume 15, 2018 - Issue 1
Review
ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations
Chad M. Kerksick1 Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health SciencesLindenwood UniversitySt. CharlesMOUSACorrespondence[email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-7294
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-7294, , , , , , , , , , , , , & show allRelated Research Data
Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Caffeine, body fluid-electrolyte balance, and exercise performance.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Greater stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with ingestion of whey protein isolate v. micellar casein at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men.
Source:
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Effects of an omnivorous diet compared with a lactoovovegetarian diet on resistance-training-induced changes in body composition and skeletal muscle in older men
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Creatine: a review of efficacy and safety.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Dietary lipids: an additional regulator of plasma levels of sex hormone binding globulin.
Source:
The Endocrine Society
The effect of different rehydration drinks on post-exercise electrolyte excretion in trained athletes
Source:
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
The acute effect of a caffeine-containing energy drink on mood state, readiness to invest effort, and resistance exercise to failure.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
What drives athletes toward dietary supplement use: Objective knowledge or self-perceived competence? Cross-sectional analysis of professional team-sport players from Southeastern Europe during the competitive season
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, part II: effects on hematology, hepatic and renal function.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Soyfoods and soybean phyto-oestrogens (isoflavones) as possible alternatives to hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Source:
Elsevier BV
Protein Ingestion to Stimulate Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Requires Greater Relative Protein Intakes in Healthy Older Versus Younger Men
Source:
Oxford University Press
The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners
Source:
Springer Verlag
Sodium bicarbonate ingestion augments the increase in PGC-1α mRNA expression during recovery from intense interval exercise in human skeletal muscle
Source:
American Physiological Society
Improved Cycling Time-Trial Performance after Ingestion of a Caffeine Energy Drink
Source:
Human Kinetics
Magnesium and Exercise
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Eating, drinking, and cycling. A controlled Tour de France simulation study, Part II. Effect of diet manipulation.
Source:
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players.
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Muscle carnitine loading and fuel utilisation
Source:
Wiley
Effects of oral ribose on muscle metabolism during bicycle ergometer in patients with AMP-deaminase-deficiency.
Source:
Springer US
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Anaerobic Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review
Source:
Human Kinetics
The effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance-trained individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity.
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Intestinal barrier function
Source:
Wiley
A single dose of a beetroot-based nutritional gel improves endothelial function in the elderly with cardiovascular risk factors
Source:
Elsevier
Oral L-arginine before resistance exercise blunts growth hormone in strength trained males.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Folic acid and homocysteine in age-related disease.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Taurine Supplementation Reduces Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Young Men
Source:
Springer International Publishing
Glucose polymer molecular weight does not affect exogenous carbohydrate oxidation.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation During Repeated Prolonged Skiing Exercises at Altitude
Source:
Human Kinetics
Effect of acute L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine and electrolyte ingestion on cognitive function and reaction time following endurance exercise
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Eating, drinking, and cycling. A controlled Tour de France simulation study, Part I.
Source:
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on muscle and blood carnitine content and lactate accumulation during high-intensity sprint cycling
Source:
Human Kinetics
Potential benefits of taurine in the prevention of skeletal muscle impairment induced by disuse in the hindlimb-unloaded rat.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Carbohydrate ingestion augments l-carnitine retention in humans
Source:
American Physiological Society
A Brief Review of Critical Processes in Exercise-Induced Muscular Hypertrophy
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effect of carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglyceride ingestion on cycling time trial performance
Source:
American Physiological Society
Effects of supplemental protein on body composition and muscular strength in healthy athletic male adults
Source:
Elsevier BV
Pharmacokinetics and Dose Finding of a Potent Aromatase Inhibitor, Aromasin (Exemestane), in Young Males
Source:
The Endocrine Society
Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men
Source:
American Physiological Society
Effects of l-Alanyl-l-Glutamine Ingestion on One-Hour Run Performance
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle oxidative capacities with and without selenium supplementation.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Creatine supplementation and satellite cells
Source:
Wiley
Erratum: The effect of L-arginine supplementation on body composition and performance in male athletes: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Oral Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) Administration Increases Postexercise ATP Levels, Muscle Excitability, and Athletic Performance Following a Repeated Sprint Bout.
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Carbohydrate mouth rinse and caffeine improves high-intensity interval running capacity when carbohydrate restricted
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Effects of Methoxyisoflavone, Ecdysterone, and Sulfo-Polysaccharide Supplementation on Training Adaptations in Resistance-Trained Males
Source:
Informa UK Limited
The Influence of 6 Months of Oral Anabolic Steroids on Body Mass and Respiratory Muscles in Undernourished COPD Patients
Source:
Elsevier BV
Dietary Fatty Acid Profile Influences the Composition of Skeletal Muscle Phospholipids in Rats
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Nutritional and clinical efficacy of ornithine alphaketog-ketoglutaratein severe burn patients
Source:
Elsevier BV
Left ventricular size and function in body builders using anabolic steroids.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Kofein u sportu
Source:
Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES)
Creatine supplementation does not affect kidney function in an animal model with pre‐existing renal failure
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes
Source:
Cell Metabolism
Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals.
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Selenium and training effects on the glutathione system and aerobic performance.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Chronic multivitamin-mineral supplementation does not enhance physical performance.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Isolated branched-chain amino acid intake and muscle protein synthesis in humans: a biochemical review
Source:
Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein
Carbohydrate feeding during exercise
Source:
Informa UK Limited
597 EFFECTS OF POST-EVENT MASSAGE THERAPY ON MUSCLE RECOVERY AND PERFORMANCE IN REPEATED ULTRAENDURANCE CYCLING T. Drews
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged men.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Source:
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Effects of 7 days of arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on blood flow, plasma L-arginine, nitric oxide metabolites, and asymmetric dimethyl arginine after resistance exercise.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Effect of Bang® Pre-Workout Master Blaster® combined with four weeks of resistance training on lean body mass, maximal strength, mircoRNA expression, and serum IGF-1 in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Nonessential amino acids are not necessary to stimulate net muscle protein synthesis in healthy volunteers.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on time-trial exercise performance: a meta-analysis
Source:
BMJ
Interaction of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Free Acid and Adenosine Triphosphate on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Power in Resistance Trained Individuals.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution improves performance during a subsequent bout of cycling exercise
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Effects of phosphate loading on metabolic and myocardial responses to maximal and endurance exercise.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males.
Source:
Informa UK Limited
The Use of Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements: A Modified Delphi Consensus Panel Report
Source:
Elsevier BV
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) kinetics and the influence of glucose ingestion in humans
Source:
Elsevier BV
Energy Needs of Athletes
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Nutritional supplements to increase muscle mass
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Creatine, insulin, and muscle glycogen
Source:
Wiley
The role of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in the mechanical activation of mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Carbohydrate Nutrition and Team Sport Performance
Source:
Springer Nature
Beetroot supplementation lowers daily systolic blood pressure in older, overweight subjects
Source:
Elsevier BV
Clinical Applications
Source:
American Medical Association (AMA)
A Meta-Analysis of Sodium Bicarbonate Use for Athletic Performance
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
How much protein can the body use in a single meal for muscle-building? Implications for daily protein distribution.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues
Source:
Elsevier BV
Effects of an alleged myostatin-binding supplement and heavy resistance training on serum myostatin, muscle strength and mass, and body composition.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Free acid gel form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves HMB clearance from plasma in human subjects compared with the calcium HMB salt.
Source:
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
a randomized controlled trial
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation and High-Intensity Cycling Performance.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Soyfoods, soybean isoflavones, and bone health: A brief overview
Source:
Elsevier BV
Effects of testosterone precursor supplementation on intensive weight training.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effect of inosine supplementation on 3-mile treadmill run performance and VO2 peak.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effect of Carbohydrate, Caffeine, and Carbohydrate + Caffeine Mouth Rinsing on Intermittent Running Performance in Collegiate Male Lacrosse Athletes.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Changes in the exercise-induced hormone response to branched chain amino acid administration.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease
Source:
American Physiological Society
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on 50 mile time trial performance in well-trained cyclists
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Myofibrillar protein synthesis following ingestion of soy protein isolate at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Long-Term Effect of Weight Loss on Body Composition and Performance in Elite Athletes
Source:
Human Kinetics
Comparison of Glycerol and Water Hydration Regimens on Tennis-Related Performance
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Changes in Plasma Electrolytes and Muscle Substrates During Short-Term Maximal Exercise in Humans
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Recent Perspectives Regarding the Role of Dietary Protein for the Promotion of Muscle Hypertrophy with Resistance Exercise Training
Source:
MDPI AG
Sodium Bicarbonate Improves Swimming Performance
Source:
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
The mechanistic and ergogenic effects of phosphatidic acid in skeletal muscle
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Nutritional Antioxidants as Therapeutic and Preventive Modalities in Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Post-Exercise Ingestion of Low or High Molecular Weight Glucose Polymer Solution Does Not Improve Cycle Performance in Female Athletes.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Optimal Nutrition for Athletic Performance, with Emphasis on Fat Adaptation in Dogs and Horses
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Changes in human muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise
Source:
American Physiological Society
An oral essential amino acid-carbohydrate supplement enhances muscle protein anabolism after resistance exercise
Source:
American Physiological Society
Effects of taurine supplementation following eccentric exercise in young adults
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
The effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in anaerobic exercise.
Source:
Human Kinetics
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active
Source:
Journal of Athletic Training/NATA
The acute effect of Quercetin on muscle performance following a single resistance training session
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Energy balance and body composition in sports and exercise
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Seasonal changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health biomarkers in professional soccer players: a longitudinal study
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects of androstenedione-herbal supplementation on serum sex hormone concentrations in 30- to 59-year-old men.
Source:
Hogrefe Publishing Group
Hormonal responses to consecutive days of heavy-resistance exercise with or without nutritional supplementation
Source:
American Physiological Society
Ergogenic effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on intermittent exercise performance preceded by intense arm cranking exercise.
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Physiological actions of taurine
Source:
American Physiological Society
The effect of glycerol and desmopressin on exercise performance and hydration in triathletes
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Sodium Phosphate as an Ergogenic Aid
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreaching
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
A Brief Review of Higher Dietary Protein Diets in Weight Loss: A Focus on Athletes
Source:
Springer Nature
Current perspectives on anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse
Source:
Elsevier BV
The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein supplementation on body composition and exercise performance.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Nutrition and Supplement Update for the Endurance Athlete: Review and Recommendations
Source:
MDPI AG
The use of anabolic agents in HIV disease
Source:
SAGE Publications
Energy Availability and Dietary Patterns of Adult Male and Female Competitive Cyclists With Lower Than Expected Bone Mineral Density
Source:
Human Kinetics
L-Arginine as a potential ergogenic aid in healthy subjects.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The absorption of orally supplied β-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise.
Source:
American Physiological Society
Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factor expression.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Performance in Adolescent Swimmers
Source:
Human Kinetics
Current Thoughts, Guidelines and Directions for Future Research
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Diet-induced thermogenesis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer cachexia
Source:
Portland Press Ltd.
The Effect of Boron Supplementation on Lean Body Mass, Plasma Testosterone Levels, and Strength in Male Bodybuilders
Source:
Human Kinetics
The digestion rate of protein is an independent regulating factor of postprandial protein retention
Source:
American Physiological Society
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)
Source:
Springer Nature
Effects of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during resistance-training on markers of catabolism, body composition and strength.
Source:
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Carbohydrate Availability and Physical Performance: Physiological Overview and Practical Recommendations
Source:
MDPI
A Single Dose of Oral ATP Supplementation Improves Performance and Physiological Response During Lower Body Resistance Exercise in Recreational Resistance-Trained Males.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Exercise, Protein Metabolism, and Muscle Growth
Source:
Human Kinetics
Attenuated gastric distress but no benefit to performance with adaptation to octanoate-rich esterified oils in well-trained male cyclists
Source:
American Physiological Society
Combinations of low thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin C intake among Dutch adults. (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Consumption of fluid skim milk promotes greater muscle protein accretion after resistance exercise than does consumption of an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic soy-protein beverage
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Optimizing Nutrition for Exercise and Sport
Source:
Humana Press
The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise
Source:
Human Kinetics
A Critical Review
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders
Source:
American Physiological Society
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growth and strength
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The Role of Leucine in the Regulation of Protein Metabolism
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effect of an isocaloric carbohydrate-protein-antioxidant drink on cycling performance.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Eight weeks of aromatase inhibition using the nutritional supplement Novedex XT: effects in young, eugonadal men.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Comparison of Two β-Alanine Dosing Protocols on Muscle Carnosine Elevations
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Agmatine (decarboxylated l-arginine): Physiological role and therapeutic potential
Source:
Elsevier BV
Beetroot juice supplementation does not improve performance of elite 1500-m runners.
Source:
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Continuous intravenous infusion of ATP in humans yields large expansions of erythrocyte ATP pools but extracellular ATP pools are elevated only at the start followed by rapid declines
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects of Arachidonic Acid Supplementation on Acute Anabolic Signaling and Chronic Functional Performance and Body Composition Adaptations.
Source:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Effect of boron supplementation on blood and urinary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and urinary boron in athletic and sedentary women
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Dietary quercetin supplementation is not ergogenic in untrained men
Source:
American Physiological Society
Growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP)
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Physiological and performance effects of glycerol hyperhydration and rehydration
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Adenine nucleotide synthesis in exercising and endurance-trained skeletal muscle
Source:
American Physiological Society
Effects of Age, Gender, and Myostatin Genotype on the Hypertrophic Response to Heavy Resistance Strength Training
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Effect of anabolic hormones and insulin-like growth factor-I on muscle mass and strength in elderly persons
Source:
Elsevier BV
Acute Response of Net Muscle Protein Balance Reflects 24-h Balance After Exercise and Amino Acid Ingestion
Source:
American Physiological Society
Muscle metabolites and performance during high-intensity, intermittent exercise
Source:
American Physiological Society
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Exploring the Potential Ergogenic Effects of Glycerol Hyperhydration
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced protein accretion versus protein alone.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
[The supplementation of L-carnitine does not promote alterations in the resting metabolic rate and in the use of energetic substrates in physically active individuals].
Source:
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Vitamin C and E and training adaptations
Source:
Wiley
Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance
Source:
Springer Nature
Effects of dietary fat and fiber on plasma and urine androgens and estrogens in men: a controlled feeding study.
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Protein Considerations for Optimising Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy Young and Older Adults
Source:
MDPI AG
Universality and diversity in the signal transduction pathway that regulates seasonal reproduction in vertebrates
Source:
Frontiers Media SA
Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise performance and body composition across varying levels of age, sex, and training experience: A review
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis rates subsequent to a meal in response to increasing doses of whey protein at rest and after resistance exercise
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete
Source:
Human Kinetics
Indicator Amino Acid-Derived Estimate of Dietary Protein Requirement for Male Bodybuilders on a Nontraining Day Is Several-Fold Greater than the Current Recommended Dietary Allowance.
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Protein and physical performance.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance.
Source:
Elsevier BV
INSECT HORMONES AND BIOANALOGUES: THEIR EFFECT ON RESPIRATORY METABOLISM IN DERMESTES VULPINUS L. (COLEOPTERA)
Source:
University of Chicago Press
The muscle protein synthetic response to food ingestion
Source:
Elsevier BV
Role in Human Physiology and Metabolism
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Training affects muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition in humans
Source:
American Physiological Society
Acute l-arginine supplementation reduces the O2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise and enhances high-intensity exercise tolerance
Source:
American Physiological Society
Anabolic steroids in athletics: how well do they work and how dangerous are they?
Source:
SAGE Publications
The dietary flavonoid quercetin increases VO(2max) and endurance capacity.
Source:
Human Kinetics
l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans
Source:
American Physiological Society
Sodium phosphate loading improves laboratory cycling time-trial performance in trained cyclists.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Effects of oral creatine supplementation on maximal pedalling performance in older adults.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and indicators of muscle damage after endurance exercise
Source:
Human Kinetics
Iron supplementation improves progressive fatigue resistance during dynamic knee extensor exercise in iron-depleted, nonanemic women
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Oral adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) administration increases blood flow following exercise in animals and humans
Source:
Springer Nature
Effects of pre-exercise ingestion of trehalose, galactose and glucose on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on neuromuscular fatigue and muscle function
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Training Adaptations and Markers of Anabolism and Catabolism.
Source:
Springer Nature
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
The Effect of Taurine on the Recovery from Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Males
Source:
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
A Brief Review of Studies on Fluid Replacement and Some Guidelines for the Athlete
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Glutamine Supplementation in Recovery From Eccentric Exercise Attenuates Strength Loss and Muscle Soreness
Source:
Elsevier BV
Nutritional practices of male and female endurance cyclists.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Beneficial or Detrimental?
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effect of vitamin supplementation on cytokine response and on muscle damage after strenuous exercise
Source:
American Physiological Society
Vitamin E Status and Response to Exercise Training
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Anabolic Steroids
Source:
The Endocrine Society
Growth hormone effects on metabolism, body composition, muscle mass, and strength
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Consensus Statements
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects of β-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial
Source:
Springer Nature
Selected herbals and human exercise performance
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Efficacy and tolerability of an undenatured type II collagen supplement in modulating knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on multiple sprint performance
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Carnosine and taurine contents in individual fibres of human vastus lateralis muscle
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Studies on the safety of creatine supplementation.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND MUSCLE PROTEIN RECOVERY FROM RESISTANCE EXERCISE
Source:
The American Physiological Society
Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis.
Source:
Human Kinetics
TESTOSTERONE AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN OLDER MEN
Source:
Wiley
Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise
Source:
American Physiological Society
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Hormones and muscle anabolism in humans
Source:
Wiley
Nutrition Reviews©, Vol. ••, No. ••
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
The influence of winter vitamin D supplementation on muscle function and injury occurrence in elite ballet dancers: A controlled study
Source:
Elsevier BV
The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Physiological and performance responses to nicotinic-acid ingestion during exercise.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
role of supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
The effects of 8 weeks of heavy resistance training and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on body composition and muscle performance.
Source:
SAGE Publications
High dietary fat intake increases fat oxidation and reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in trained humans
Source:
Federation of American Society of Experimental Biology
Quercetin's Influence on Exercise Performance and Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Improved bone metabolism in female elite athletes after vitamin K supplementation.
Source:
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Dietary nitrate and exercise in hypoxia
Source:
Wiley
GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING PEPTIDES AND THEIR ANALOGS
Source:
Elsevier BV
Fluid and electrolyte needs for preparation and recovery from training and competition
Source:
Informa UK Limited
A Randomized Controlled Trial
Source:
American Medical Association (AMA)
Physiological responses to caffeine during endurance running in habitual caffeine users.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Insect hormones in vertebrates: anabolic effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone in Japanese quail.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Short-duration β-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Energy and carbohydrate for training and recovery
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Determinants of muscle carnosine content
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
A meta-analysis of the past 25 years of weight loss research using diet, exercise or diet plus exercise intervention
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects of nine weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta- methylbutyrate supplementation on strength and body composition in resistance trained men.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Improved gastric emptying rate in humans of a unique glucose polymer with gel-forming properties.
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Effect of Two Different Weight-Loss Rates on Body Composition and Strength and Power-Related Performance in Elite Athletes
Source:
Human Kinetics
Putting to rest the myth of creatine supplementation leading to muscle cramps and dehydration
Source:
BMJ
Arachidonic acid supplementation enhances synthesis of eicosanoids without suppressing immune functions in young healthy men
Source:
Zenodo
Effect of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Insulin and muscle protein turnover in humans: stimulatory, permissive, inhibitory, or all of the above?
Source:
American Physiological Society
Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
VO2max and ventilatory threshold of trained cyclists are not affected by 28-day L-arginine supplementation.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
L-alanyl-L-glutamine ingestion maintains performance during a competitive basketball game.
Source:
BMC
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Exercise and the immune system - influence of nutrition and ageing
Source:
Elsevier BV
Effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure, endothelial function, and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Niacin treatment increases plasma homocyst(e)ine levels
Source:
Elsevier BV
Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
The effects of d-aspartic acid supplementation in resistance-trained men over a three month training period: A randomised controlled trial.
Source:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Effect of dietary arachidonic acid supplementation on acute muscle adaptive responses to resistance exercise in trained men: a randomized controlled trial.
Source:
American Physiological Society
The Effects of a Single Dose of Concentrated Beetroot Juice on Performance in Trained Flatwater Kayakers
Source:
Human Kinetics
Effects of oral adenosine-5'-triphosphate supplementation on athletic performance, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery in resistance-trained men.
Source:
Springer Nature
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Chromium picolinate effects on body composition and muscular performance in wrestlers.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effects of phosphate loading on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and maximal oxygen uptake.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effects of soya isoflavones and exercise on body composition and clinical risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in overweight postmenopausal women: a 6-month double-blind controlled trial
Source:
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Energy availability and dietary intake
Source:
Wiley
Elevations in ostensibly anabolic hormones with resistance exercise enhance neither training-induced muscle hypertrophy nor strength of the elbow flexors
Source:
American Physiological Society
Muscle glycogen resynthesis rate in humans after supplementation of drinks containing carbohydrates with low and high molecular masses
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Whey protein preloads are more beneficial than soy protein preloads in regulating appetite, calorie intake, anthropometry, and body composition of overweight and obese men
Source:
Elsevier BV
Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older women
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Antioxidants on lung injury and performance
Source:
Wiley
The Implications of Iron Supplementation for Marathon Runners on Health and Performance
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE INCIDENCE OF CRAMPING OR INJURY DURING PRE-SEASON COLLEGE FOOTBALL TRAINING II
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Conjugated linoleic acids.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Lack of association between indices of vitamin B1, B2, and B6 status and exercise-induced blood lactate in young adults.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Ribose administration during exercise: effects on substrates and products of energy metabolism in healthy subjects and a patient with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Acute arginine supplementation fails to improve muscle endurance or affect blood pressure responses to resistance training.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Effect of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on plasma and tissue glutamine concentrations in rats submitted to exhaustive exercise.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Efficacy of phosphatidic acid ingestion on lean body mass, muscle thickness and strength gains in resistance-trained men
Source:
Springer Nature
Use of amino acids as growth hormone-releasing agents by athletes
Source:
Elsevier BV
Vitamin C and E supplementation prevents some of the cellular adaptations to endurance-training in humans
Source:
Elsevier BV
The effects of medium-chain triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion on ultra-endurance exercise performance.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Muscle Fiber and Performance Adaptations to Resistance Exercise with MyoVive, Colostrum or Casein and Whey Supplementation
Source:
Informa UK Limited
Dehydration and endurance performance in competitive athletes.
Source:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Hyperhydrating with glycerol: implications for athletic performance.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Effects of caffeine ingestion on body fluid balance and thermoregulation during exercise.
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation during resistance training on strength, body composition, and muscle damage in trained and untrained young men: a meta-analysis.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
An Overview
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Effects on Iron Status and Performance Outcomes
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Amino acid transport in heart and skeletal muscle and the functional consequences
Source:
Portland Press Ltd.
Metabolism, Endurance and Performance
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sports drinks, exercise training, and competition.
Source:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Physiological considerations of ultraendurance performance.
Source:
Human Kinetics
Single and combined effects of beetroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance.
Source:
NRC Research Press
Growth hormone secretagogues: out of competition
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Acute l-arginine supplementation increases muscle blood volume but not strength performance.
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Beetroot juice does not enhance altitude running performance in well-trained athletes
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Nutritional Support to Maintain Proper Immune Status during Intense Training
Source:
S. Karger AG
Magnesium, zinc, and chromium nutrition and athletic performance
Source:
Canadian Science Publishing
Effective diet and exercise treatments for overweight and recommendations for intervention.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Minor amounts of plasma medium-chain fatty acids and no improved time trial performance after consuming lipids
Source:
American Physiological Society
Beetroot Juice Improves On-Water 500-m Time-Trial Performance and Laboratory-Based Paddling Economy in National and International-Level Kayak Athletes
Source:
Human Kinetics
Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Pituitary-adrenal-gonadal responses to high-intensity resistance exercise overtraining
Source:
American Physiological Society
The effects of postexercise consumption of high-molecular-weight versus low-molecular-weight carbohydrate solutions on subsequent high-intensity interval-running capacity.
Source:
Human Kinetics
The Physiological Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Hydration: A Review
Source:
SAGE Publications
Impact of differing protein sources and a creatine containing nutritional formula after 12 weeks of resistance training.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Resistance training in overweight women on a ketogenic diet conserved lean body mass while reducing body fat.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
No effect of short-term arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, metabolism and performance in intermittent exercise in athletes.
Source:
Elsevier BV
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Endurance Sport
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Pre-exercise hyperhydration delays dehydration and improves endurance capacity during 2 h of cycling in a temperate climate.
Source:
Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology
Leucine-enriched essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise enhances mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in human muscle
Source:
American Physiological Society
Nutritional and contractile regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling
Source:
American Physiological Society
Nutrient Status and perceptions of energy and macronutrient intake in a Group of Collegiate Female Lacrosse Athletes.
Source:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Whey, body composition, and muscle mass…
Source:
Wiley
Effect of quercetin supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake in men and women
Source:
Informa UK Limited
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